E52.05 - Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD)

ABSTRACT
This practice establishes both the global and the numerical procedures for the systematic interpretation and analysis of psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) data. Examiners shall use the method for which they have been formally trained, and these procedures shall be correctly matched to the PDD examination format.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices establish procedures for the systematic interpretation and analysis of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) data.  
1.2 Any test data analysis procedure used shall be correctly matched to the PDD examination format. Examiners shall use evaluation methods for which they have been formally trained.  
1.2.1 Acceptable test data analysis procedures are those published in refereed or technical journals, and for which published replications of the procedures have confirmed their efficacy.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The goal of this guide is to reduce the incidence and impact of perjured testimony in administrative proceedings and in the criminal, civil and family court systems.  
3.2 It is a mathematically established statistical principle that the probability of two independent events both occurring is the algebraic product of the probabilities of either event occurring alone.3  
3.3 In litigation, the situation frequently arises:  
3.3.1 That witnesses from opposite sides offer diametrically contradictory testimony regarding a fact or facts, such that one must almost certainly be lying, and  
3.3.2 That witnesses from one side corroborate each other's testimony, such that either both must be telling the truth, or both must be lying.  
3.4 Where both witnesses are examined regarding a fact:  
3.4.1 By PDD examiners who have personally established that the level of accuracy they are able to achieve meets or exceeds requirements established by the courts of the jurisdiction.  
3.4.2 The results when taken together support a strong common inference about the respective deceptiveness of the subjects.  
3.4.3 If the minimum accuracy is set at 86 %, the probability that the inference will be wrong is less than 2.00 %. If the minimum accuracy is set at 90 %, the probability that the inference will be wrong is no higher than 1.00 %.  
3.5 When more than two witnesses are examined by such examiners about a fact and all results support a common inference about the deceptiveness of the subjects regarding that fact, the probability that the inference will be wrong is even lower, in accordance with the statistical principle.  
3.6 The validity of this guide rests on evidence that competent examiners are personally capable of achieving sufficient accuracy.  
3.6.1 Determination of examiners' competence must be based not primarily on their training, years of experience, or the number of tests they have conducted, but on their personally demonstrated capability of the particip...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a guide for the derivation of quantitative assessments of the credibility of proposed witness testimony through the application of established statistical principles to combinations of PDD examination results, and for the utilization of such assessments in the interests of justice (The Marin Protocol).  
1.2 This guide describes circumstances in which proven statistical principles, applied to PDD results, can reliably quantify the trustworthiness or untrustworthiness of witness testimony, and  
1.2.1 Delineates requirements necessary to effect the generation and practical use of such results, including:
1.2.1.1 Criteria regarding witnesses to be examined,
1.2.1.2 Criteria for determining facts upon which witnesses are to be examined,
1.2.1.3 Certification of examiners eligible to conduct examinations,
1.2.1.4 Combinations of results which support strong inferences, and
1.2.1.5 Appropriate uses to which strong inferences can be put.  
1.3 Courts and others responsible for adjudicating questions of fact may choose whether and when to invoke paired PDD testing.  
1.3.1 This guide expresses the rights and obligations of all participants in order to best serve the interests of justice when it is invoked.  
1.3.2 Paired PDD testing must not be invoked in any case in any jurisdiction where to do so would violate the laws of that jurisdiction.  
1.3.3 Adherence to these guidelines ensures that the conclusions reached will be valid.  
1.4 This guide is directed to the proposed testimony of witnesses in criminal, civil, administrative and family court litigation, regarding factual claims, where  
1.4.1 It is unlikely that the witnesses could be honestly mistaken, and  
1.4.2 The facts in dispute are such that the case may hinge on whom the trier of fact believes; whenever,  
1.4.3 Witnesses on opposite sides of a case offer contradictory testimony.  
1.4.4 Two or more witnesses testifying for one s...

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examination.  
1.1.1 Other unique PDD applications are addressed separately.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide establishes the essential and recommended elements in the procedures for conducting a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) screening examination. Covered here are the appropriate location and test conditions, the proper pretest, intest and posttest practices, and the correct evaluation procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) screening examination.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 Standard guide for the derivation of quantitative assessments of the credibility of proposed witness testimony through the application of established statistical principles to combinations of PDD examination results, and for the utilization of such assessments in the interests of justice (The Marin Protocol)
1.2 This standard describes circumstances in which proven statistical principles, applied to PDD results, can reliably quantify the trustworthiness or untrustworthiness of witness testimony, and
1.2.1 Delineates requirements necessary to effect the generation and practical use of such results, including:
1.2.1.1 Criteria regarding witnesses to be examined,
1.2.1.2 Criteria for determining facts upon which witnesses are to be examined,
1.2.1.3 Certification of examiners eligible to conduct examinations,
1.2.1.4 Combinations of results which support strong inferences, and
1.2.1.5 Appropriate uses to which strong inferences can be put.
1.3 Courts and others responsible for adjudicating questions of fact may choose whether and when to invoke paired PDD testing.
1.3.1 This guide expresses the rights and obligations of all participants in order to best serve the interests of justice when it is invoked.
1.3.2 Paired PDD testing must not be invoked in any case in any jurisdiction where to do so would violate the laws of that jurisdiction.
1.3.3 Adherence to these guidelines ensures that the conclusions reached will be valid.
1.4 This standard is directed to the proposed testimony of witnesses in criminal, civil, administrative and family court litigation, regarding factual claims, where
1.4.1 It is unlikely that the witnesses could be honestly mistaken, and
1.4.2 The facts in dispute are such that the case may hinge on whom the trier of fact believes; whenever,
1.4.3 Witnesses on opposite sides of a case offer contradictory testimony.
1.4.4 Two or more witnesses testifying for one side offer mutually corroborating testimony.

ABSTRACT
This guide establishes the essential and recommended elements in the procedures for conducting a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) screening examination. Covered here are the appropriate location and test conditions, the proper pretest, intest and posttest practices, and the correct evaluation procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) screening examination.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examination.
1.1.1 Other unique PDD applications are addressed separately.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examination.
1.1.1 Other unique PDD applications are addressed separately.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examination.
1.1.1 Other unique PDD applications are addressed separately.

ABSTRACT
This practice establishes both the global and the numerical procedures for the systematic interpretation and analysis of psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) data. Examiners shall use the method for which they have been formally trained, and these procedures shall be correctly matched to the PDD examination format.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices establish procedures for the systematic interpretation and analysis of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) data.
1.2 Any test data analysis procedure used shall be correctly matched to the PDD examination format. Examiners shall use evaluation methods for which they have been formally trained.
1.2.1 Acceptable test data analysis procedures are those published in refereed or technical journals, and for which published replications of the procedures have confirmed their efficacy.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examination.
1.1.1 Other unique PDD applications are addressed separately.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Clinical PDD examinations refer to the employment of polygraph instrumentation for the purpose of detecting deception or verifying truthfulness of statements of individuals under court supervision, or in treatment for the commission of a sex offense.
Clinical PDD examinations are specifically intended to assist in the detection, treatment, or supervision of sex offenders.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes procedures for conducting a clinical polygraph examination (CPE), to include, but not limited to, post conviction sex offender testing (PCSOT). This PDD model is specifically intended to assist in the treatment and supervision of sex offenders on probation, parole, or a deferred prosecution alternative.
1.2 This guide also applies to the conduct of clinical polygraph examinations for therapeutic purposes when requested by a presiding legal authority.
1.3 This guide directs that such examiners for this application are specifically trained in issues associated with supervision and treatment of sex offenders.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes procedures for conducting a clinical polygraph examination (CPE), to include, but not limited to, post conviction sex offender testing (PCSOT). This PDD model is specifically intended to assist in the treatment and supervision of sex offenders on probation, parole, or a deferred prosecution alternative.
1.2 This guide also applies to the conduct of clinical polygraph examinations for therapeutic purposes when requested by a presiding legal authority.
1.3 This guide directs that such examiners for this application are specifically trained in issues associated with supervision and treatment of sex offenders.

ABSTRACT
This guide establishes the essential and recommended elements in the procedures for conducting a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) screening examination. Covered here are the appropriate location and test conditions, the proper pretest, intest and posttest practices, and the correct evaluation procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) screening examination.

SCOPE
1.1 Standard guide for the derivation of quantitative assessments of the credibility of proposed witness testimony through the application of established statistical principles to combinations of PDD examination results, and for the utilization of such assessments in the interests of justice (The Marin Protocol)
1.2 This standard describes circumstances in which proven statistical principles, applied to PDD results, can reliably quantify the trustworthiness or untrustworthiness of witness testimony, and
1.2.1 Delineates requirements necessary to effect the generation and practical use of such results, including:
1.2.1.1 Criteria regarding witnesses to be examined,
1.2.1.2 Criteria for determining facts upon which witnesses are to be examined,
1.2.1.3 Certification of examiners eligible to conduct examinations,
1.2.1.4 Combinations of results which support strong inferences, and
1.2.1.5 Appropriate uses to which strong inferences can be put.
1.3 Courts and others responsible for adjudicating questions of fact may choose whether and when to invoke paired PDD testing.
1.3.1 This guide expresses the rights and obligations of all participants in order to best serve the interests of justice when it is invoked.
1.3.2 Paired PDD testing must not be invoked in any case in any jurisdiction where to do so would violate the laws of that jurisdiction.
1.3.3 Adherence to these guidelines ensures that the conclusions reached will be valid.
1.4 This standard is directed to the proposed testimony of witnesses in criminal, civil, administrative and family court litigation, regarding factual claims, where
1.4.1 It is unlikely that the witnesses could be honestly mistaken, and
1.4.2 The facts in dispute are such that the case may hinge on whom the trier of fact believes; whenever,
1.4.3 Witnesses on opposite sides of a case offer contradictory testimony.
1.4.4 Two or more witnesses testifying for one side offer mutually corroborating testimony.

ABSTRACT
This practice establishes both the global and the numerical procedures for the systematic interpretation and analysis of psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) data. Examiners shall use the method for which they have been formally trained, and these procedures shall be correctly matched to the PDD examination format.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes procedures for the systematic interpretation and analysis of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) data.
1.2 Any test data analysis procedure used shall be correctly matched to the PDD examination format. Examiners shall use evaluation methods for which they have been formally trained.
1.2.1 Acceptable test data analysis procedures are those published in refereed or technical journals, and for which published replications of the procedures have confirmed their efficacy.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in procedures for conducting psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examinations for clinical applications with individuals in treatment, on probation or parole for sex offenses. This includes, but is not limited to, Post-Conviction Sex Offender Testing.
1.2 This guide ensures that such examiners for this application are specifically trained in issues associated with supervision and treatment of sex offenders.
1.3 This guide is not intended to encompass any other PDD examinations.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes essential and recommended elements in the procedures for the conduct of a psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examination.
1.1.1 Other unique PDD applications are addressed separately.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Clinical PDD examinations refer to the employment of polygraph instrumentation for the purpose of detecting deception or verifying truthfulness of statements of individuals under court supervision, or in treatment for the commission of a sex offense.  
4.2 Clinical PDD examinations are specifically intended to assist in the detection, treatment, or supervision of sex offenders.  
4.3 Clinical PDD testing should be regarded as a decision-support tool intended to assist professionals in making important decisions regarding risk and safety assessments. Clinical PDD testing should not replace the need for other forms of behavioral monitoring or traditional forms of supervision and field investigations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes procedures for conducting a clinical polygraph examination (CPE), to include, but not limited to, post conviction sex offender testing (PCSOT). This PDD model is specifically intended to assist in the treatment and supervision of sex offenders on probation, parole, or a deferred prosecution alternative.  
1.2 This guide also applies to the conduct of clinical polygraph examinations for therapeutic purposes when requested by a presiding legal authority.  
1.3 This guide directs that such examiners for this application are specifically trained in issues associated with supervision and treatment of sex offenders.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide establishes procedures for conducting a clinical polygraph examination (CPE), to include, but not limited to, post conviction sex offender testing (PCSOT). This PDD model is specifically intended to assist in the treatment and supervision of sex offenders on probation, parole, or a deferred prosecution alternative.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E52 on Forensic Psychophysiology, this guide was withdrawn in January 2023 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.