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ASTM C361-22

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe

Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.
Note 1: Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2022
ICS
23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
Technical Committee
C13 - Concrete Pipe
Drafting Committee
C13.04 - Low Head Pressure Pipe
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM A27/A27M-20 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM C497M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
Effective Date
15-Feb-2020
Refers
ASTM C497M-20a - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM C361-22 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure PipeASTM C361-22 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C361 −22
Standard Specification for
1
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A706/A706MSpecification for Deformed and Plain Low-
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe in-
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
tended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines
A1008/A1008MSpecification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled,
with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding
Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
125 ft.
StrengthLow-AlloywithImprovedFormability,Required
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to
Hardness, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented
A1011/A1011MSpecification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
in the specification.
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not
Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
coveredbythisspecificationforthemanufactureofthepipebutshouldbe
Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
included in specifications for pipe laying.
A1064/A1064MSpecification for Carbon-Steel Wire and
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Concrete
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
C31/C31MPractice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Specimens in the Field
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
C33/C33MSpecification for Concrete Aggregates
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C39/C39MTest Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
drical Concrete Specimens
2. Referenced Documents
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C260/C260MSpecification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
A27/A27MSpecification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
for Concrete
General Application
C309Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
A36/A36MSpecification for Carbon Structural Steel
pounds for Curing Concrete
A283/A283MSpecification for Low and Intermediate Ten-
C497MTest Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box
sile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant
C595/C595MSpecification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
Quality, M-Grades
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
A576Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
Special Quality
C655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load
A615/A615MSpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
C822Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
A675/A675MSpecification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
Products
C1602/C1602MSpecification for Mixing Water Used in the
1
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
ConcretePipeandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC13.04onLowHead
C1619Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-
Pressure Pipe.
crete Structures
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C361–19a. DOI:
3
10.1520/C0361-22.
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 3
kN-m/m ))
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D4253Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C361 − 22
D4254Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit pozzolan cement, except that the pozzolan constituent in the
Weight of Soils and Calculat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C361 − 19a C361 − 22
Standard Specification for
1
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low
internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the
specification.
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included
in specifications for pipe laying.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
A283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, M-Grades
A576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Required Hardness, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
A1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.04 on Low Head Pressure
Pipe.
Current edition approved July 15, 2019Sept. 1, 2022. Published July 2019September 2022. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
C361 – 19.C361 – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/C0361-19A.10.1520/C0361-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C361 − 22
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
C1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D4253 Test
...

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SCOPE
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4.1 The inspection of installed reinforced concrete pipe verifies proper installation of the product and establishes thresholds for comparison further evaluation.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for inspection and acceptance of installed reinforced concrete pipe by either person-entry, or remote inspection as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.
FIG. 1 Person Entry Inspection  
FIG. 2 Remote Inspection Camera  
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1.4 Person Entry shall be used unless extenuating circumstances preclude this type inspection. Remote inspection is acceptable for use for pipe diameters of 30 in. [750 mm] and smaller unless otherwise specified by owner or engineer.  
1.5 Access of installed pipe for manual inspection shall follow OSHA 29 CFR PART 1926 SUBPART AA regulations for confined space entry. However, this standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This practice does not cover deformation or deflection assessment. Concrete pipe is classified as a rigid structure because they do not bend or deflect appreciably under load before cracking. Due to these facts shape evaluation are of little or no value when evaluating concrete pipe.  
1.7 The values stated in either Imperial/US or [SI units] are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C76-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe. The pipe manufactured with this specification shall be of five classes: Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, and Class V. The strength requirements for each class are specified. The reinforced concrete shall consists of: cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water. Cementitious materials are the following: cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials. Other materials include: admixtures and blends, steel reinforcement, and synthetic fibers. Design tables and modified of special designs are given. Reinforcements are the following: circumferential reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement, and joint reinforcement for rubber and non-rubber gasket joints. The physical properties shall conform to the required test for external load crushing strength. The following concrete tests shall be done: compression testing of cylinders, compression testing of cores, absorption test, and equipment test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C76M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in this specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C76M, are acceptable under this Specification C76 unless prohibited by the Owner.
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site.
Note 2: Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (Specification C655).  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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