D08.18 - Nonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of the percentage of KEE compound in sheet roofing is of concern to many specifiers and building owners. Method A, the faster method, is best used for quality control. Method B may apply better to research and development or investigative work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the relative contents of ketone-ethylene-ester (KEE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) after their extraction from reinforced roofing membranes or fabrics. Based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), the method allows for the quantification of PVC with respect to an internal standard. The KEE content is then obtained by difference. The test method is not applicable to membranes or blends that contain high molecular weight polymers other than PVC and KEE.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ketone ethylene ester (KEE) as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fabric.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field-seaming strength, material compatibility, uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonvulcanized (uncured) rubber sheet made of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) or polychloroprene (CR) intended for use as watertight roof flashing exposed to the weather. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The flashing material shall be formulated from the appropriate polymer type and other compounding ingredients, and shall be capable of being bonded to itself, to the roofing membrane, and to substrate for making watertight field splices and repairs. Property requirements for flashing before vulcanization include thickness, Green strength modulus, ultimate elongation, shelf stability, vulcanizability, tensile strength and set, dimensional stability, and weatherability. Consequently, the property requirements for flashing after vulcanization includes tensile strength and set, elongation, tear resistance, brittle point, ozone resistance, air oven heat aging, water absorption and weight change, linear dimension change, and weatherability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonvulcanized (uncured) rubber sheet made of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer) or CR (polychloroprene) intended for use as watertight roof flashing exposed to the weather.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these flashing materials are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of seams of EPDM membranes is their ability to remain bonded over the membrane's expected service life. Time-to-failure tests provide a means of characterizing the behavior of joints under constant load over time.
Note 1: Table 1 is based on the results of an industry government consortium study on creep-rupture resistance (time-to-failure) of EPDM adhesive joints.4,5 Referral to Footnotes 4 and 5 provides typical time-to-failure data, developed under the conditions in Table 1, for EPDM joints fabricated in the laboratory with non-reinforced EPDM roof membrane material, butyl-based tapes, and liquid adhesives. It is noted that the peel load specified in this practice is 9.8 N [2.2 lbf]. The peel load under which the tests described in Footnotes 4 and 5 were conducted was 9.3 N [2.1 lbf]. A load of 9.8 N [2.2 lbf] corresponds to 1 kgf [2.2 lbf], and dead weights of 1-kg [2.2-lbm] mass are available through laboratory equipment supply houses. Similarly, a load of 29.4 N [6.6 lbf] corresponds to a dead weight of 3-kg [6.6-lbm] mass.  
5.2 Time-to-failure tests complement other mechanical tests such as strength for characterizing joints of EPDM roof membranes, and can be incorporated in specifications for adhesives for joining EPDM roof membrane material.  
5.3 This practice, which is specific to EPDM joints, complements Test Method D5405/D5405M that provides general requirements for the preparation and creep-rupture testing of joints fabricated from any nonbituminous organic roof membrane material.  
5.4 Laboratory experience in conducting time-to-failure tests of joints EPDM roof membranes has shown that specimens are less creep-resistant under peel loading than under shear loading. Consequently, the majority of the tests stipulated in this practice are performed under peel loading.  
5.5 This practice does not develop time-to-failure data on all environmental conditions to which EPDM adhesive seams can be subjec...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sample preparation temperatures, test parameters, and specimen exposure conditions that are applicable when Test Method D5405/D5405M is used for conducting time-to-failure (creep-rupture) tests of adhesive joints fabricated from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) roof membrane material.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to joints fabricated in the laboratory from EPDM roof membrane materials and adhesives received from suppliers, and to joints prepared from EPDM seams sampled from field installations.  
1.3 The joints are bonded using preformed tape or liquid-based adhesives, and EPDM roof membrane materials that are non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, and fabric backed. Primers are also used as recommended for the specific adhesive.  
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of joints of nonbituminous membranes is their ability to remain bonded over the membrane's expected service life. Time-to-failure tests provide a means of characterizing the behavior of joints under constant load over time.  
5.2 Creep is a sensitive index of rheological properties that depend on material, load, temperature, and time. Time-to-failure data that are obtained over a relatively short time period can evaluate one factor affecting a joint's ability to withstand static loading over a relatively long time period.  
5.3 Time-to-failure data for joints of nonbituminous organic roof membrane specimens can be used for the following: (1) to provide a measure of the load-carrying ability of the joint as a function of time at various levels of load, temperature, and relative humidity; (2) to characterize the joint with regard to factors affecting performance, such as surface preparation of the adherend, solvent-based adhesive thickness and open time, environment during adhesive application and cure, and temperature of thermal welding processes; and (3) to compare the effects of different bonding processes or adhesive bonding materials on joint performance.  
5.4 While it is considered that the results obtained by this laboratory test may afford a measure of the performance of seams in service, provided that load, temperature, and humidity conditions are known, no direct correlation has been established.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the time-to-failure (creep-rupture) of joints fabricated from nonbituminous organic roof membrane material. The test method covers both T-peel and lap-shear joints subjected to constant tensile load under controlled environmental conditions. The joints, made from either unreinforced or fabric-reinforced membrane material, are prepared in the laboratory or sampled from roofs in service.  
1.2 Sheet materials from which the joints are fabricated include vulcanized rubbers, nonvulcanized polymeric sheets, and thermoplastics. The bonding methods for joint formation include the use of liquid-based adhesives, preformed tapes, and thermal and solvent weld processes.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intended use. The sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, or fabric-backed vulcanized rubber sheet.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims. The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, in amounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements specified. The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splices and repairs and shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of thermoplastic polyolefin sheets: dimensions, sheet overall thickness, coating thickness over scrim, breaking strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, brittleness point, ozone resistance, heat aging, linear dimensional change, water absorption, factory seam strength, and weather resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible fiber- or fabric-reinforced sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The physical requirements for which the sheet materials shall be tested on and shall conform accordingly to are as follows: overall thickness and thickness over scrim; tensile strength at break; breaking strength; elongation at break; seam strength; retention of properties after heat aging; tear resistance and tearing strength; low temperature bend; cracking and crazing after accelerated weathering test; linear dimensional change; change in weight after immersion in water; and static and dynamic puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring the thickness of the coating over fiber backing or reinforcing fabric.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ketone ethylene ester (KEE) as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fabric.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field-seaming strength, material compatibility, uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intended use. The sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, or fabric-backed vulcanized rubber sheet.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims. The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, in amounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements specified. The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splices and repairs and shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of thermoplastic polyolefin sheets: dimensions, sheet overall thickness, coating thickness over scrim, breaking strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, brittleness point, ozone resistance, heat aging, linear dimensional change, water absorption, factory seam strength, and weather resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of the percentage of KEE compound in sheet roofing is of concern to many specifiers and building owners. Method A, the faster method, is best used for quality control. Method B may apply better to research and development, or investigative work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the relative contents of Ketone-Ethylene-Ester (KEE) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) after their extraction from reinforced roofing membranes, or fabrics. Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), the method allows for the quantification of PVC with respect to an internal standard. The KEE content is then obtained by difference. The test method is not applicable to membranes or blends that contain high molecular weight polymers other than PVC and KEE.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of the percentage of KEE compound in sheet roofing is of concern to many specifiers and building owners. Method A, the faster method, is best used for quality control. Method B may apply better to research and development, or investigative work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the relative contents of Ketone-Ethylene-Ester (KEE) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) after their extraction from reinforced roofing membranes, or fabrics. Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), the method allows for the quantification of PVC with respect to an internal standard. The KEE content is then obtained by difference. The test method is not applicable to membranes or blends that contain high molecular weight polymers other than PVC and KEE.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims. The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, in amounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements specified. The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splices and repairs and shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of thermoplastic polyolefin sheets: dimensions, sheet overall thickness, coating thickness over scrim, breaking strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, brittleness point, ozone resistance, heat aging, linear dimensional change, water absorption, factory seam strength, and weather resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Solar reflectance is an important factor affecting surface and near-surface ambient air temperature. Surfaces with low solar reflectance (typically 30 % or lower), absorb a high fraction of the incoming solar energy which is either conducted into buildings or convected to air (leading to higher air temperatures). Use of materials with high solar reflectance may result in lower air-conditioning energy use and cooler cities and communities. The test method described here measures the solar reflectance of surfaces in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of solar reflectance of various horizontal and low-sloped surfaces and materials in the field, using a pyranometer. The test method is intended for use when the sun angle to the normal from a surface is less than 45°.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonvulcanized (uncured) rubber sheet made of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) or polychloroprene (CR) intended for use as watertight roof flashing exposed to the weather. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The flashing material shall be formulated from the appropriate polymer type and other compounding ingredients, and shall be capable of being bonded to itself, to the roofing membrane, and to substrate for making watertight field splices and repairs. Property requirements for flashing before vulcanization include thickness, Green strength modulus, ultimate elongation, shelf stability, vulcanizability, tensile strength and set, dimensional stability, and weatherability. Consequently, the property requirements for flashing after vulcanization includes tensile strength and set, elongation, tear resistance, brittle point, ozone resistance, air oven heat aging, water absorption and weight change, linear dimension change, and weatherability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonvulcanized (uncured) rubber sheet made of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer) or CR (polychloroprene) intended for use as watertight roof flashing exposed to the weather.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these flashing materials are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of seams of EPDM membranes is their ability to remain bonded over the membrane's expected service life. Time-to-failure tests provide a means of characterizing the behavior of joints under constant load over time.
Note 1: Table 1 is based on the results of an industry government consortium study on creep-rupture resistance (time-to-failure) of EPDM adhesive joints.4,5 Referral to Footnotes 5 and 6 provides typical time-to-failure data, developed under the conditions in Table 1, for EPDM joints fabricated in the laboratory with nonreinforced EPDM roof membrane material, butyl-based tapes, and liquid adhesives. It is noted that the peel load specified in this practice is 9.8 N [2.2 lbf]. The peel load under which the tests described in Footnotes 4 and 5 were conducted was 9.3 N [2.1 lbf]. A load of 9.8 N [2.2 lbf] corresponds to 1 kgf [2.2 lbf], and dead weights of 1-kg [2.2-lbm] mass are available through laboratory equipment supply houses. Similarly, a load of 29.4 N [6.6 lbf] corresponds to a dead weight of 3-kg [6.6-lbm] mass.  
5.2 Time-to-failure tests complement other mechanical tests such as strength for characterizing joints of EPDM roof membranes, and can be incorporated in specifications for adhesives for joining EPDM roof membrane material.  
5.3 This practice, which is specific to EPDM joints, complements Test Method D5405 that provides general requirements for the preparation and creep-rupture testing of joints fabricated from any nonbituminous organic roof membrane material.  
5.4 Laboratory experience in conducting time-to-failure tests of joints EPDM roof membranes has shown that specimens are less creep-resistant under peel loading than under shear loading. Consequently, the majority of the tests stipulated in this practice are performed under peel loading.  
5.5 This practice does not develop time-to-failure data on all environmental conditions to which EPDM adhesive seams can be subjected in s...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sample preparation temperatures, test parameters, and specimen exposure conditions that are applicable when Test Method D5405 is used for conducting time-to-failure (creep-rupture) tests of adhesive joints fabricated from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) roof membrane material.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to joints fabricated in the laboratory from EPDM roof membrane materials and adhesives received from suppliers, and to joints prepared from EPDM seams sampled from field installations.  
1.3 The joints are bonded using preformed tape or liquid-based adhesives, and EPDM roof membrane materials that are non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, and fabric backed. Primers are also used as recommended for the specific adhesive.  
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of the regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible fiber- or fabric-reinforced sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The physical requirements for which the sheet materials shall be tested on and shall conform accordingly to are as follows: overall thickness and thickness over scrim; tensile strength at break; breaking strength; elongation at break; seam strength; retention of properties after heat aging; tear resistance and tearing strength; low temperature bend; cracking and crazing after accelerated weathering test; linear dimensional change; change in weight after immersion in water; and static and dynamic puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intended use. The sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, or fabric-backed vulcanized rubber sheet.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ketone ethylene ester (KEE) as the primary polymer intended for use in single ply roofing membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fabric.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field-seaming strength, material compatibility, uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered, but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of joints of nonbituminous membranes is their ability to remain bonded over the membrane's expected service life. Time-to-failure tests provide a means of characterizing the behavior of joints under constant load over time.  
5.2 Creep is a sensitive index of rheological properties that depend on material, load, temperature, and time. Time-to-failure data that are obtained over a relatively short time period can evaluate one factor affecting a joint's ability to withstand static loading over a relatively long time period.  
5.3 Time-to-failure data for joints of nonbituminous organic roof membrane specimens can be used for the following: (1) to provide a measure of the load-carrying ability of the joint as a function of time at various levels of load, temperature, and relative humidity; (2) to characterize the joint with regard to factors affecting performance, such as surface preparation of the adherend, solvent-based adhesive thickness and open time, environment during adhesive application and cure, and temperature of thermal welding processes; and (3) to compare the effects of different bonding processes or adhesive bonding materials on joint performance.  
5.4 While it is considered that the results obtained by this laboratory test may afford a measure of the performance of seams in service, provided that load, temperature, and humidity conditions are known, no direct correlation has been established.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the time-to-failure (creep-rupture) of joints fabricated from nonbituminous organic roof membrane material. The test method covers both T-peel and lap-shear joints subjected to constant tensile load under controlled environmental conditions. The joints, made from either unreinforced or fabric-reinforced membrane material, are prepared in the laboratory or sampled from roofs in service.  
1.2 Sheet materials from which the joints are fabricated include vulcanized rubbers, nonvulcanized polymeric sheets, and thermoplastics. The bonding methods for joint formation include the use of liquid-based adhesives, preformed tapes, and thermal and solvent weld processes.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Solar reflectance is an important factor affecting surface and near-surface ambient air temperature. Surfaces with low solar reflectance (typically 30 % or lower), absorb a high fraction of the incoming solar energy which is either conducted into buildings or convected to air (leading to higher air temperatures). Use of materials with high solar reflectance may result in lower air-conditioning energy use and cooler cities and communities. The test method described here measures the solar reflectance of surfaces in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of solar reflectance of various horizontal and low-sloped surfaces and materials in the field, using a pyranometer. The test method is intended for use when the sun angle to the normal from a surface is less than 45°.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intended use. The sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, or fabric-backed vulcanized rubber sheet.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intended use. The sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, or fabric-backed vulcanized rubber sheet.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims. The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, in amounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements specified. The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splices and repairs and shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of thermoplastic polyolefin sheets: dimensions, sheet overall thickness, coating thickness over scrim, breaking strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, brittleness point, ozone resistance, heat aging, linear dimensional change, water absorption, factory seam strength, and weather resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonvulcanized (uncured) rubber sheet made of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer) or CR (polychloroprene) intended for use as watertight roof flashing exposed to the weather.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these flashing materials are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intended use. The sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, or fabric-backed vulcanized rubber sheet.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible fiber- or fabric-reinforced sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The physical requirements for which the sheet materials shall be tested on and shall conform accordingly to are as follows: overall thickness and thickness over scrim; tensile strength at break; breaking strength; elongation at break; seam strength; retention of properties after heat aging; tear resistance and tearing strength; low temperature bend; cracking and crazing after accelerated weathering test; linear dimensional change; change in weight after immersion in water; and static and dynamic puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims. The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, in amounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements specified. The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splices and repairs and shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of thermoplastic polyolefin sheets: dimensions, sheet overall thickness, coating thickness over scrim, breaking strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, brittleness point, ozone resistance, heat aging, linear dimensional change, water absorption, factory seam strength, and weather resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims. The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, in amounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements specified. The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splices and repairs and shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of thermoplastic polyolefin sheets: dimensions, sheet overall thickness, coating thickness over scrim, breaking strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, brittleness point, ozone resistance, heat aging, linear dimensional change, water absorption, factory seam strength, and weather resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
An important factor affecting the performance of joints of nonbituminous membranes is their ability to remain bonded over the membrane's expected service life. Time-to-failure tests provide a means of characterizing the behavior of joints under constant load over time.
Creep is a sensitive index of rheological properties that depend on material, load, temperature, and time. Time-to-failure data that are obtained over a relatively short time period can evaluate one factor affecting a joint's ability to withstand static loading over a relatively long time period.
Time-to-failure data for joints of nonbituminous organic roof membrane specimens can be used for the following: (1) to provide a measure of the load-carrying ability of the joint as a function of time at various levels of load, temperature, and relative humidity; (2) to characterize the joint with regard to factors affecting performance, such as surface preparation of the adherend, solvent-based adhesive thickness and open time, environment during adhesive application and cure, and temperature of thermal welding processes; and (3) to compare the effects of different bonding processes or adhesive bonding materials on joint performance.
While it is considered that the results obtained by this laboratory test may afford a measure of the performance of seams in service, provided that load, temperature, and humidity conditions are known, no direct correlation has been established.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the time-to-failure (creep-rupture) of joints fabricated from nonbituminous organic roof membrane material. The test method covers both T-peel and lap-shear joints subjected to constant tensile load under controlled environmental conditions. The joints, made from either unreinforced or fabric-reinforced membrane material, are prepared in the laboratory or sampled from roofs in service.
1.2 Sheet materials from which the joints are fabricated include vulcanized rubbers, nonvulcanized polymeric sheets, and thermoplastics. The bonding methods for joint formation include the use of liquid-based adhesives, preformed tapes, and thermal and solvent weld processes.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible fiber- or fabric-reinforced sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The physical requirements for which the sheet materials shall be tested on and shall conform accordingly to are as follows: overall thickness and thickness over scrim; tensile strength at break; breaking strength; elongation at break; seam strength; retention of properties after heat aging; tear resistance and tearing strength; low temperature bend; cracking and crazing after accelerated weathering test; linear dimensional change; change in weight after immersion in water; and static and dynamic puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
An important factor affecting the performance of seams of EPDM membranes is their ability to remain bonded over the membrane's expected service life. Time-to-failure tests provide a means of characterizing the behavior of joints under constant load over time.
Note 1—Table 1 is based on the results of an industry government consortium study on creep-rupture resistance (time-to-failure) of EPDM adhesive joints. , Referral to Footnotes 5 and 6 provides typical time-to-failure data, developed under the conditions in Table 1, for EPDM joints fabricated in the laboratory with nonreinforced EPDM roof membrane material, butyl-based tapes, and liquid adhesives. It is noted that the peel load specified in this practice is 9.8 N [2.2 lbf]. The peel load under which the tests described in Footnotes 4 and 5 were conducted was 9.3 N [2.1 lbf]. A load of 9.8 N [2.2 lbf] corresponds to 1 kgf [2.2 lbf], and dead weights of 1-kg [2.2-lbm] mass are available through laboratory equipment supply houses. Similarly, a load of 29.4 N [6.6 lbf] corresponds to a dead weight of 3-kg [6.6-lbm] mass.
Time-to-failure tests complement other mechanical tests such as strength for characterizing joints of EPDM roof membranes, and can be incorporated in specifications for adhesives for joining EPDM roof membrane material.
This practice, which is specific to EPDM joints, complements Test Method D5405 that provides general requirements for the preparation and creep-rupture testing of joints fabricated from any nonbituminous organic roof membrane material.
Laboratory experience in conducting time-to-failure tests of joints EPDM roof membranes has shown that specimens are less creep-resistant under peel loading than under shear loading. Consequently, the majority of the tests stipulated in this practice are performed under peel loading.
This practice does not develop time-to-failure data on all environmental conditions to which EPDM adhesive seams can be subjected in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sample preparation temperatures, test parameters, and specimen exposure conditions that are applicable when Test Method D5405 is used for conducting time-to-failure (creep-rupture) tests of adhesive joints fabricated from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) roof membrane material.
1.2 This practice is applicable to joints fabricated in the laboratory from EPDM roof membrane materials and adhesives received from suppliers, and to joints prepared from EPDM seams sampled from field installations.
1.3 The joints are bonded using preformed tape or liquid-based adhesives, and EPDM roof membrane materials that are non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, and fabric backed. Primers are also used as recommended for the specific adhesive.
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of the regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from ketone ethylene ester (KEE) as the primary polymer intended for use in single ply roofing membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fabric. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. To make seam and repairs, the sheet shall be capable of being bonded watertight to itself during the design service life of the sheets. Overall thickness; thickness, coating over reinforcement optical method; breaking strength; elongation at break; tearing strength; linear dimensional change; fabric adhesion; heat aging; after heat aging low temperature bend; low temperature bend; water absorption; factory seam strength; hydrostatic resistance; static puncture test; accelerated weathering test; fungi resistance; abrasion test; and dimension tests shall be performed to conform with the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ketone ethylene ester (KEE) as the primary polymer intended for use in single ply roofing membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fabric.
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field-seaming strength, material compatibility, uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered, but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring the thickness of the coating over fiber backing or reinforcing fabric.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Solar reflectance and thermal emittance are important factors affecting surface and near-surface ambient air temperature. Surfaces with low solar reflectance, absorb a high fraction of the incoming solar energy. A fraction of this absorbed energy is conducted into ground and buildings, a fraction is convected to air (leading to higher air temperatures), and a fraction is radiated to the sky. For equivalent conditions, the lower the emissivity of a surface the higher its steady-state temperature. Surfaces with low emissivity cannot effectively radiate to the sky and, therefore, get hot. Determination of solar reflectance and thermal emittance, and subsequent calculation of the relative temperature of the surfaces with respect to black and white reference temperature (defined as Solar Reflectance Index, SRI), may help designers and consumers to choose the proper materials to make their buildings and communities energy efficient. The method described here gives the SRI of surfaces based on measured solar reflectances and thermal emissivities of the surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation of the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of horizontal and low-sloped opaque surfaces at standard conditions. The method is intended to calculate SRI for surfaces with emissivity greater than 0.1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers the calculation of the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of horizontal and low-sloped opaque surfaces at standard conditions. The method is intended to calculate SRI for surfaces with emissivity greater than 0.1.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing, this practice was withdrawn in January 2010 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible fiber- or fabric-reinforced sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The physical requirements for which the sheet materials shall be tested on and shall conform accordingly to are as follows: overall thickness and thickness over scrim; tensile strength at break; breaking strength; elongation at break; seam strength; retention of properties after heat aging; tear resistance and tearing strength; low temperature bend; cracking and crazing after accelerated weathering test; linear dimensional change; change in weight after immersion in water; and static and dynamic puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims. The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, in amounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements specified. The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splices and repairs and shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of thermoplastic polyolefin sheets: dimensions, sheet overall thickness, coating thickness over scrim, breaking strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, brittleness point, ozone resistance, heat aging, linear dimensional change, water absorption, factory seam strength, and weather resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims. The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, in amounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements specified. The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splices and repairs and shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of thermoplastic polyolefin sheets: dimensions, sheet overall thickness, coating thickness over scrim, breaking strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, brittleness point, ozone resistance, heat aging, linear dimensional change, water absorption, factory seam strength, and weather resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers in-situ applied, single-pack, moisture-triggered, aliphatic polyurethanes intended to form an elastomeric single-ply roofing membrane, once cured. The cured membrane may or may not contain a reinforcing material. The product, as manufactured, shall be in liquid form for application by brush, roller, or spray equipment. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. Wet coatings shall be tested and shall conform to liquid property requirements as to viscosity, volume and weight of solids, and sag resistance. Dry films shall also be tested and conform to physical property requirements, as follows: tensile strength; elongation; accelerated weathering; water vapor transmission permeability and permeance; mandrel bend flexibility; tear resistance; Taber abrasion resistance; indentation hardness; dynamic and static puncture resistance; and adhesion bond strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers in-situ applied, single-pack, moisture-triggered, aliphatic polyurethanes intended to form an elastomeric single-ply membrane, once cured. The cured membrane may or may not contain a reinforcing material.
1.2 Single-pack, moisture-triggered, aliphatic polyurethanes are characterized by their ability to use moisture to trigger the curing process only.
1.3 The tests and property limits used to characterize the liquid material and cured membrane are values intended to ensure minimum quality. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors that shall be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced non-vulcanized polymeric sheet made from chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) intended for use as a single-ply roof membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fiber or fabric.
1.1.1 The polymers used in these sheets have thermoplastic characteristics at time of installation. The chlorosulfonated polyethylene will vulcanize in place under ambient conditions.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are minimum values.
1.2.1 In-place roof systems design criteria such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, impact/puncture resistance, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors that must be considered, but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonvulcanized (uncured) rubber sheet made of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) or polychloroprene (CR) intended for use as watertight roof flashing exposed to the weather. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The flashing material shall be formulated from the appropriate polymer type and other compounding ingredients, and shall be capable of being bonded to itself, to the roofing membrane, and to substrate for making watertight field splices and repairs. Property requirements for flashing before vulcanization include thickness, Green strength modulus, ultimate elongation, shelf stability, vulcanizability, tensile strength and set, dimensional stability, and weatherability. Consequently, the property requirements for flashing after vulcanization includes tensile strength and set, elongation, tear resistance, brittle point, ozone resistance, air oven heat aging, water absorption and weight change, linear dimension change, and weatherability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonvulcanized (uncured) rubber sheet made of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer) or CR (polychloroprene) intended for use as watertight roof flashing exposed to the weather.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these flashing materials are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.
1.3 SI units shall be used in referee decisions.
1.4 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification.
The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible fiber- or fabric-reinforced sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are beyond the scope of this specification. The physical requirements for which the sheet materials shall be tested on and shall conform accordingly to are as follows: overall thickness and thickness over scrim; tensile strength at break; breaking strength; elongation at break; seam strength; retention of properties after heat aging; tear resistance and tearing strength; low temperature bend; cracking and crazing after accelerated weathering test; linear dimensional change; change in weight after immersion in water; and static and dynamic puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, intended for use in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Solar reflectance is an important factor affecting surface and near-surface ambient air temperature. Surfaces with low solar reflectance (typically 30 % or lower), absorb a high fraction of the incoming solar energy which is either conducted into buildings or convected to air (leading to higher air temperatures). Use of materials with high solar reflectance may result in lower air-conditioning energy use and cooler cities and communities. The test method described here measures the solar reflectance of surfaces in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of solar reflectance of various horizontal and low-sloped surfaces and materials in the field, using a pyranometer. The test method is intended for use when the sun angle to the normal from a surface is less than 45.