E13.09 - Fiber Optics, Waveguides, and Optical Sensors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This technique is designed for on-site rapid screening and characterization of environmental soil and water samples resulting in significant cost savings for environmental remediation projects. Remote analysis can be made with optical fibers when situations warrant or demand use of this option.  
5.2 Quantification of total AHs and PAHs in these environmental samples is accomplished by having a subset of the samples analyzed by an alternate technique and generating a site-specific calibration curve.  
5.3 Synchronous fluorescence provides sufficient spectral information to characterize the AHs and PAHs present as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene(s) (BTEX), the aromatic portion of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), or large aromatic ring systems up to at least seven fused rings, such as might be found in creosote.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid method for the screening of environmental samples for aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The screening takes place in the field and provides immediate feedback on limits of contamination by substances containing AHs and PAHs. Quantification is obtained by the use of appropriately characterized, site-specific calibration curves. Remote sensing by use of optical fibers is useful for accessing difficult to reach areas or potentially dangerous materials or situations. When contamination of field personnel by dangerous materials is a possibility, use of remote sensors may minimize or eliminate the likelihood of such contamination taking place.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to AHs and PAHs present in samples extracted from soils or in water. This test method is applicable for field screening or, with an appropriate calibration, quantification of total AHs and PAHs.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral variations or interferences produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber, or both, is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.  
4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber Raman spectroscopic sensor systems.
Note 1: The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when they are exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiationinduced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced alterations to the Raman spectral signal transmitted by a multimode, step index, silica optical fiber. This guide specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.  
1.2 The test procedure given in this guide is not intended to test the other optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based Raman sensor system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral attenuation or interferences, or both, produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.  
4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber spectroscopic sensor systems.
Note 1: The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal and/or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiation-induced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced spectral attenuation of multimode, step index, silica optical fibers transmitting unpolarized light. This procedure specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.  
1.2 This test procedure is not intended to test the balance of the optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many characteristics of a fiber-optic waveguide affect the dynamic performance. Quantitative values of certain key parameters (characteristics) need to be known, a priori, in order to predict or evaluate the dynamic performance of a waveguide for specific conditions of use. This guide identifies these key parameters and provides information on their significance and how they affect performance. However, this guide does not describe how the needed quantitative information is to be obtained. Manufacturers of fiber-optic waveguides can use this guide for characterizing their products suitably for users who are concerned with dynamic performance. Users of fiber-optic waveguides can use this guide to determine that their waveguides are adequately characterized for their intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key parameters that determine the dynamic performance of an optical radiation transmitting fiber waveguide (see Note 1). For the purpose of this guide, optical radiation is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths from about 200 nm to about 5000 nm (correspondingly, frequencies of 50 000 cm−1 to 2000 cm−1, and photon energies of 6 eV to 0.25 eV).
Note 1: Typical designations of radiation transmitting fiber waveguides include optical waveguide, fiber-optic, fiber-optic waveguide, and fiber-optic radiation guide.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral variations or interferences produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber, or both, is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.  
4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber Raman spectroscopic sensor systems.Note 1—The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when they are exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiationinduced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced alterations to the Raman spectral signal transmitted by a multimode, step index, silica optical fiber. This guide specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.  
1.2 The test procedure given in this guide is not intended to test the other optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based Raman sensor system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral attenuation or interferences, or both, produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.  
4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber spectroscopic sensor systems. Note 1—The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal and/or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiation-induced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced spectral attenuation of multimode, step index, silica optical fibers transmitting unpolarized light. This procedure specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.  
1.2 This test procedure is not intended to test the balance of the optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many characteristics of a fiber-optic waveguide affect the dynamic performance. Quantitative values of certain key parameters (characteristics) need to be known, a priori, in order to predict or evaluate the dynamic performance of a waveguide for specific conditions of use. This guide identifies these key parameters and provides information on their significance and how they affect performance. However, this guide does not describe how the needed quantitative information is to be obtained. Manufacturers of fiber-optic waveguides can use this guide for characterizing their products suitably for users who are concerned with dynamic performance. Users of fiber-optic waveguides can use this guide to determine that their waveguides are adequately characterized for their intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key parameters that determine the dynamic performance of an optical radiation transmitting fiber waveguide (see Note 1). For the purpose of this guide, optical radiation is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths from about 200 to about 5000 nm (correspondingly, frequencies of 50 000 cm−1 to 2000 cm−1, and photon energies of 6 eV to 0.25 eV). Note 1—Typical designations of radiation transmitting fiber waveguides include optical waveguide, fiber-optic, fiber-optic waveguide, and fiber-optic radiation guide.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This technique is designed for on-site rapid screening and characterization of environmental soil and water samples resulting in significant cost savings for environmental remediation projects. Remote analysis can be made with optical fibers when situations warrant or demand use of this option.  
5.2 Quantification of total AHs and PAHs in these environmental samples is accomplished by having a subset of the samples analyzed by an alternate technique and generating a site-specific calibration curve.  
5.3 Synchronous fluorescence provides sufficient spectral information to characterize the AHs and PAHs present as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene(s) (BTEX), the aromatic portion of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), or large aromatic ring systems up to at least seven fused rings, such as might be found in creosote.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid method for the screening of environmental samples for aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The screening takes place in the field and provides immediate feedback on limits of contamination by substances containing AHs and PAHs. Quantification is obtained by the use of appropriately characterized, site-specific calibration curves. Remote sensing by use of optical fibers is useful for accessing difficult to reach areas or potentially dangerous materials or situations. When contamination of field personnel by dangerous materials is a possibility, use of remote sensors may minimize or eliminate the likelihood of such contamination taking place.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to AHs and PAHs present in samples extracted from soils or in water. This test method is applicable for field screening or, with an appropriate calibration, quantification of total AHs and PAHs.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This technique is designed for on-site rapid screening and characterization of environmental soil and water samples resulting in significant cost savings for environmental remediation projects. Remote analysis can be made with optical fibers when situations warrant or demand use of this option.
Quantification of total AHs and PAHs in these environmental samples is accomplished by having a subset of the samples analyzed by an alternate technique and generating a site-specific calibration curve.
Synchronous fluorescence provides sufficient spectral information to characterize the AHs and PAHs present as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene(s) (BTEX), the aromatic portion of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), or large aromatic ring systems up to at least seven fused rings, such as might be found in creosote.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid method for the screening of environmental samples for aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The screening takes place in the field and provides immediate feedback on limits of contamination by substances containing AHs and PAHs. Quantification is obtained by the use of appropriately characterized, site-specific calibration curves. Remote sensing by use of optical fibers is useful for accessing difficult to reach areas or potentially dangerous materials or situations. When contamination of field personnel by dangerous materials is a possibility, use of remote sensors may minimize or eliminate the likelihood of such contamination taking place.
1.2 This test method is applicable to AHs and PAHs present in samples extracted from soils or in water. This test method is applicable for field screening or, with an appropriate calibration, quantification of total AHs and PAHs.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid method for the screening of environmental samples for aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The screening takes place in the field and provides immediate feedback on limits of contamination by substances containing AHs and PAHs. Quantification is obtained by the use of appropriately characterized, site-specific calibration curves. Remote sensing by use of optical fibers is useful for accessing difficult to reach areas or potentially dangerous materials or situations. When contamination of field personnel by dangerous materials is a possibility, use of remote sensors may minimize or eliminate the likelihood of such contamination taking place.
1.2 This test method is applicable to AHs and PAHs present in samples extracted from soils or in water. This test method is applicable for field screening or, with an appropriate calibration, quantification of total AHs and PAHs.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral variations or interferences produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber, or both, is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.
The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber Raman spectroscopic sensor systems.
Note 1—The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when they are exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiationinduced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced alterations to the Raman spectral signal transmitted by a multimode, step index, silica optical fiber. This guide specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.  
1.2 The test procedure given in this guide is not intended to test the other optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based Raman sensor system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.  
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many characteristics of a fiber-optic waveguide affect the dynamic performance. Quantitative values of certain key parameters (characteristics) need to be known, a priori, in order to predict or evaluate the dynamic performance of a waveguide for specific conditions of use. This guide identifies these key parameters and provides information on their significance and how they affect performance. However, this guide does not describe how the needed quantitative information is to be obtained. Manufacturers of fiber-optic waveguides can use this guide for characterizing their products suitably for users who are concerned with dynamic performance. Users of fiber-optic waveguides can use this guide to determine that their waveguides are adequately characterized for their intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key parameters that determine the dynamic performance of an optical radiation transmitting fiber waveguide (see Note 1). For the purpose of this guide, optical radiation is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths from about 200 to about 5000 nm (correspondingly, frequencies of 50000 cm -1  to 2000 cm -1 , and photon energies of 6 eV to 0.25 eV).  
Note 1--Typical designations of radiation transmitting fiber waveguides include optical waveguide, fiber-optic, fiber-optic waveguide, and fiber-optic radiation guide.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral attenuation or interferences, or both, produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.
The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber spectroscopic sensor systems.
Note 1—The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal and/or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiation-induced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced spectral attenuation of multimode, step index, silica optical fibers transmitting unpolarized light. This procedure specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.
1.2 This test procedure is not intended to test the balance of the optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a rapid method for the screening of environmental samples for aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The screening takes place in the field and provides immediate feedback on limits of contamination by substances containing AHs and PAHs. Quantification is obtained by the use of appropriately characterized, site-specific calibration curves. Remote sensing by use of optical fibers is useful for accessing difficult to reach areas or potentially dangerous materials or situations. When contamination of field personnel by dangerous materials is a possibility, use of remote sensors may minimize or eliminate the likelihood of such contamination taking place.
1.2 This test method is applicable to AHs and PAHs present in samples extracted from soils or in water. This test method is applicable for field screening or, with an appropriate calibration, quantification of total AHs and PAHs.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced spectral attenuation of multimode, step index, silica optical fibers transmitting unpolarized light. This procedure specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.
1.2 This test procedure is not intended to test the balance of the optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key parameters that determine the dynamic performance of an optical radiation transmitting fiber waveguide (see Note 1). For the purpose of this guide, optical radiation is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths from about 200 to about 5000 nm (correspondingly, frequencies of 50000 cm -1  to 2000 cm -1 , and photon energies of 6 eV to 0.25 eV).  Note 1-Typical designations of radiation transmitting fiber waveguides include optical waveguide, fiber-optic, fiber-optic waveguide, and fiber-optic radiation guide.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced alterations to the Raman spectral signal transmitted by a multimode, step index, silica optical fiber. This guide specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.  
1.2 The test procedure given in this guide is not intended to test the other optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based Raman sensor system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.  
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.