ISO/TC 160 - Glass in building

This document is intended to provide a versatile method to determine the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC or g value) of BIPV modules with a variety of designs. It addresses the calorimetric determination of the g value for BIPV modules by using the hot box method or the cooled plate method in accordance with ISO 19467 and ISO 19467‑2. The method takes into account the effect on the g value of extracting photovoltaically generated electricity from the BIPV module in the maximum power point state. This document applies to BIPV modules as defined in IEC 63092‑1 and specifically to BIPV modules with different effective cell area ratios but consisting of identical components such as cells, interconnects, encapsulation and front/back sheets. This evaluation method is applicable to all PV cell technologies and includes coloured BIPV modules. It is published as a double logo Technical Specification with ISO technical committee 160: Glass in building.

This document specifies methods of determining the luminous and solar characteristics of glazing in buildings. These characteristics can serve as a basis for lighting, heating and cooling calculations of rooms and permit comparison between different types of glazing. This document applies both to conventional glazing and to absorbing or reflecting solar-control glazing, used as vertical or horizontal glazed apertures. The appropriate formulae for single, double and triple glazing are given. A matrix method is provided as an alternative calculation method. This document introduces a method to determine the luminous and solar properties of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) glazing. This document is accordingly applicable to all transparent materials except those which show significant transmission in the wavelength region 5 µm to 50 µm of ambient temperature radiation, such as certain plastic materials. Materials with light-scattering properties for incident radiation are dealt with as conventional transparent materials subject to certain conditions (see 5.3). Angular light and solar properties of glass in building are excluded from this document. However, research work in this area is summarised in References [1], [2] and [3]. Guidance on the measurement of luminous and spectral properties of glass can be found in Reference [4]. Vacuum insulating glass (VIG) is excluded from the scope of this document. For determination of the g value of VIG, refer to ISO 19916-1[5].

This document specifies a calculation method to determine the thermal transmittance (U value) of glass with flat and parallel surfaces. This document applies to uncoated glass (including glass with structured surfaces, e.g. patterned glass), coated glass and materials not transparent in the far infrared which is the case for soda lime glass products, borosilicate glass, glass ceramic, alkaline earth silicate glass and alumino silicate glass. It applies also to multiple glazing comprising such glasses or materials, or both. It does not apply to multiple glazing which include in the gas space sheets or foils that are far infrared transparent. Vacuum insulating glass (VIG) is excluded from the scope of this document. To determine the U value of VIG, reference can be made to ISO 10291 or ISO 19916-1. The procedure specified in this document determines the U value in the central area of glazing. The edge effects due to the thermal bridge through the spacer of an insulating glass unit or through the window frame are not included. Furthermore, energy transfer due to solar radiation is not taken into account. The effects of Georgian and other bars are excluded from the scope of this document. NOTE ISO 10077-1 provides a methodology for calculating the overall U value of windows, doors and shutters, taking account of the U value calculated for the glass components according to this document. Also excluded from the calculation methodology are any effects due to gases that absorb infrared radiation in the 5 µm to 50 µm range.

This document specifies a method to evaluate, by means of impactors described in ISO 29584:2015, safe breakage characteristics of vacuum insulating glass (VIG) products intended to reduce cutting and piercing injuries to persons through accidental impact. This document does not specify the intended use of the products, but provides a method of classification in terms of the performance of the products being tested. The impact energy used for the various levels of classification are designed to provide the intended user or the legislator with the information to assist in defining the level of safety and protection required relative to the intended location at which the selected safety glass is to be used. The products to which this document is applicable are: VIG without further processing (Group 2); VIG processed into a laminated glass (Group 1); VIG backed with an adhesive (safety) film (Group 1). Insulating glass units incorporating VIG are excluded from this document.

This document specifies a procedure for determining the emissivity at room temperature of the surfaces of glass and coated glass. The emissivity is necessary for taking into account heat transfer by radiation from surfaces at the standard temperature of 283 K in the determination of the U value and of the total solar transmittance of glazing according to REF [5] \r \h ISO 9050[5] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000040000005B0035005D000000 , REF [6] \r \h ISO 10291[6] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000040000005B0036005D000000 , REF [7] \r \h ISO 10292[7] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000040000005B0037005D000000 , and REF [8] \r \h ISO 10293[8] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000040000005B0038005D000000 . The procedure, being based on spectrophotometric specular reflectance measurements at near normal incidence on materials that are non-transparent in the infrared region, is not applicable to glazing components with at least one of the following characteristics: a) with rough or structured surfaces where the incident radiation is diffusely reflected; b) with curved surfaces where the incident radiation is regularly reflected at angles unsuitable to reach the detector while using specular reflectance accessories; c) infrared transparent. However, it can be applied with caution to any glazing component provided its surfaces are flat and non-diffusing (see non-diffusing glazing component) and it is non-transparent in the infrared region (see glazing component non-transparent in the infrared region). Although transmittance measurements are included in this document, they are only necessary to check if the specimen is non-transparent in the infrared region in the context of this document (see glazing component non-transparent in the infrared region). If the specimen is transparent in the infrared region, this document is not applicable.

This document specifies dimensional and minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical and visual quality) for float glass for use in building, as defined in ISO 16293-1. This document applies to float glass supplied in stock sizes, oversize, and final cut sizes.

This document establishes a method to determine and assess sound insulation performances of all transparent, translucent and opaque glass products, for basic, special basic or processed glass products, when intended to be used in glazed assemblies in buildings, and which exhibit properties of acoustic protection, either as a prime or supplementary characteristic. This document refers to laboratory measurement method described in ISO 10140-1:2021, Annex D and defines extension rules that can be applied without further testing. It also provides typical performance data for a range of common glass products that can be used in the absence of measured data. All the considerations of this document relate to panes of glass or glass products alone. Incorporation of them into windows can cause changes in acoustic performance as a result of other influences, e.g. frame design, frame material, glazing material or method, mounting method, air tightness. Measurements of the sound insulation of complete windows (glass and frame) can be undertaken to resolve such issues.

This document specifies a test method of light transmittance for the laminated solar photovoltaic glass for use in building. This document is applicable to flat modules with light transmittance in the visible range (wavelengths from 380 nm to 780 nm). This document does not cover the assessment method of total solar energy transmittance of the flat module.

This document specifies requirements for retesting laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass for use in buildings. This document applies to laminated solar PV glass.

This document specifies test methods relating to resistance to high temperature, humidity and radiation for laminated glass and laminated safety glass for use in building.

This document specifies performance requirements for laminated safety glass as defined in ISO 12543-1. NOTE Any defects that are found in installed laminated safety glass are dealt with in ISO 12543-6.

This document specifies dimensions, limit deviations and edge finishes of laminated glass and laminated safety glass for use in building. This document is not applicable to panes having an area less than 0,05 m2.

This document specifies defects of finished sizes and test methods with regard to the appearance of laminated glass and laminated safety glass when looking through the glass. All references to laminated glass in this document refer to both laminated glass and laminated safety glass. NOTE Special attention is paid to acceptability criteria in the vision area. This document is applicable to finished sizes at the time of supply.

This document specifies performance requirements for laminated glass as defined in ISO 12543-1. NOTE Any defects that are found in installed laminated safety glass are dealt with in ISO 12543-6.

This document defines terms and describes component parts for laminated glass and laminated safety glass for use in building.

This document specifies requirements for the properties of glass blocks used for the construction of non-load-bearing walls and horizontally spanning panels. This document also specifies test methods used to verify these properties for square, rectangular and circular glass blocks.

This document specifies test methods for evaluation of performance of vacuum insulating glass samples with rigid edge seal when subjected to temperature differences between the glass sheets. This document is not applicable to vacuum insulating glass samples with flexible edge seal.

This document specifies the accelerated ageing test and requirements for electrochromic glazings intended to either control direct or indirect solar transmission, or both. The electrochromic glazings can be assembled as insulating glass unit, laminated glass or combination of both. The test method described in this document is only applicable to chromogenic glazings that can be switched between different transmission states using an electrical stimulus. This test method is not applicable to other chromogenic glazings such as photochromic and thermochromic glazings, which do not respond to electrical stimulus. This test method is applicable to any electrochromic glazing fabricated for use in buildings such as in doors, windows, skylights, exterior wall systems and glazing exposed to solar radiation. The materials used for constructing the electrochromic glazing and for electrochromically changing its optical properties can be inorganic or organic materials.

This document specifies requirements for the recycling of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules. It is suitable for crystalline silicon PV modules and thin film modules.

This document specifies product definitions, product characteristics (i.e. tolerances, flatness, edgework), fracture characteristics, including fragmentation, and the physical and mechanical characteristics of flat heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass for use in buildings. This document does not cover surface finished glasses (e.g. sandblasted, acid etched) after heat strengthening. This document does not cover curved (bent) glass. Other requirements, not specified in this document, can apply to heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass which is incorporated into assemblies (e.g. laminated glass or insulating glass units), or undergoes an additional treatment (e.g. coating). The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate glass product standard. Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.

1.1 This document determines resistance of security glazing products to natural threats characterized by simulated destructive-windstorm events. 1.2 The test method determines the performance of security-glazing for use in fenestration assemblies under conditions representative of events that occur in severe, destructive-windstorm environments using simulated missile impact(s) followed by the application of cyclic static-pressure differentials. 1.3 A missile-propulsion device, an air pressure system and a test chamber are used to model some conditions that can be representative of windborne debris and pressures in a windstorm environment. 1.4 The performance determined by this test method relates to the ability of glazing in the building envelope to remain without openings during a windstorm.

This document specifies requirements and a test method for security glazing designed to resist impacts of a hard body by delaying access of objects and/or persons to a protected space for a short period of time. It also classifies security-glazing products into categories of resistance to repetitive impacts of a steel sphere. In this document, the categories of resistance have not been assigned to special applications. It is intended that the glazing classification be specified on an individual basis for every application and anticipated action of force upon the glazing. This document deals with mechanical resistance to impact only. NOTE Other properties can also be important.

This document specifies requirements of appearance, durability and safety, test methods and designation for laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass for use in buildings. This document is applicable to building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Building-attached photovoltaics (BAPV) can refer to this document.

This document specifies product specification for vacuum insulating glass. It also specifies evaluation methods for thermal and sound insulating performance and evaluation methods for thermal insulation durability.

ISO 16293-3:2017 specifies dimensional and minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical, visual and wire faults) for polished wired glass, as defined in ISO 16293‑1, for use in building. ISO 16293-3:2017 applies only to polished wired glass supplied in rectangular panes, in stock sizes and final cut sizes.

ISO 20657:2017 specifies product definitions, product characteristics, i.e. tolerances, flatness, edgework, etc., fracture characteristics, including fragmentation, and the physical and mechanical characteristics of flat heat soaked tempered soda lime silicate safety glass for use in buildings. ISO 20657:2017 does not cover curved (bent) glass according ISO 11485.

ISO 12540:2017 covers product definitions, product characteristics, i.e. tolerances, flatness, edgework, etc., fracture characteristics, including fragmentation, and the physical and mechanical characteristics of flat tempered soda lime silicate safety glass for use in buildings. ISO 12540:2017 does not cover curved (bent) glass according to ISO 11485. Other requirements, not specified in this document, can apply to thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass which is incorporated into assemblies, e.g. laminated glass or insulating glass units, or undergo an additional treatment, e.g. coating. The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate glass product standard. Thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.

ISO 16293-4:2016 specifies dimensional and minimum quality requirements (in respect of visual, pattern and wire faults) for wired patterned glass, as defined in ISO 16293‑1, for use in building. ISO 16293-4:2016 applies only to wired patterned glass supplied in rectangular panes, in stock sizes and in final cut sizes.

ISO 16293-5:2016 specifies dimensional and minimum quality requirements (in respect of visual and pattern faults) for patterned glass, as defined in ISO 16293‑1, for use in building. ISO 16293-5:2016 applies only to patterned glass supplied in rectangular panes, in stock sizes and in final cut sizes.

ISO 1288-1:2016 specifies the determination of the bending strength of monolithic glass for use in buildings. The testing of insulating units or laminated glass is excluded from this part of ISO 1288. ISO 1288-1:2016 describes - considerations to be taken into account when testing glass, - explanations of the reasons for designing different test methods, - limitations of the test methods, and - gives pointers to safety requirements for the personnel operating the test equipment. ISO 1288‑2, ISO 1288‑3, ISO 1288‑4 and ISO 1288‑5 specify test methods in detail. The test methods specified in this part of ISO 1288 are intended to provide large numbers of bending strength values that can be used as the basis for statistical evaluation of glass strength.

ISO 1288-4:2016 specifies a method for determining the bending strength (defined as the profile bending strength) of wired or unwired channel shaped glass for use in buildings. The limitations of this part of ISO 1288 are described in ISO 1288‑1.

ISO 1288-2:2016 specifies a method for determining the bending strength of glass for use in buildings, excluding the effects of the edges. The limitations of this part of ISO 1288 are described in ISO 1288‑1.

ISO 1288-5:2016 specifies a method for determining the comparative bending strength of glass for use in buildings, excluding the effects of the edges. See ISO 1288‑1, 5.1.4 for an explanation as to why this test method should only be used for comparing the strength of types of glass and not for assessing strength for design purposes. The limitations of this part of ISO 1288 are described in ISO 1288‑1. ISO 1288‑1 should be read in conjunction with this part of ISO 1288. This test method is not suitable for patterned glass.

ISO 1288-3:2016 specifies a method for determining the bending strength, including the effects of the edges, of flat glass for use in building. The method specified can also be used to determine the bending strength of the edges of glass separately. The limitations of this part of ISO 1288 are described in ISO 1288‑1.

The purpose of ISO 29584:2015 is to evaluate, by means of soft body impactors, safe breakage characteristics of glazing products intended to reduce cutting and piercing injuries to persons through accidental impact. ISO 29584:2015 examines test methods currently employed to determine the pendulum impact performance of safety glass. Use of the methodologies in this International Standard improves the reproducibility of test results and gives a common basis of classification. The aim is for the performance of glass products manufactured and tested in various countries to be better understood and more consistent. Two types of soft body impactors are defined. The traditional shot bag impactor is detailed both in terms of manufacture and maintenance in an attempt to overcome problems associated with such impactors becoming misshapen. The twin tyre impactor is also detailed. The test equipment, excluding the impactor, is also described. A method of calibrating the test frame is given. The benefit of calibrating the test equipment is the increased reproducibility of the test results. Classification of glass products is also detailed. The classification system allows information on the following to be given: a) the maximum drop height at which the glass either did not break or broke safely, i.e. in a manner similar to laminated glass or toughened glass; b) the manner in which the glass would break, i.e. as toughened glass, laminated glass, annealed glass, irrespective of whether or not the glass was broken during the test; c) the maximum drop height at which the glass either did not break or broke safely, i.e. in a manner similar to laminated glass. ISO 29584:2015 does not specify the intended use of the products, but provides a method of classification in terms of the performance of the materials being tested. The impact energy used for the various levels of classification are designed to provide the intended user or the legislator with the information to assist in defining the level of safety and protection required relative to the intended location at which the selected safety glass is to be used.

ISO 11485-3:2014 defines the conditions to classify a curved glass product as a curved safety glass. It classifies curved tempered glass and curved laminated glass as safety glasses used in buildings, by performance under impact and by mode of breakage. The classification by drop height corresponds to graded values of energy transmitted by the impact of a person. The classification system in ISO 11485-3:2014 relates to increasing personal safety by the reduction of cutting and piercing injuries to persons and the containment characteristics of the material. ISO 11485-3:2014 covers fracture characteristics, including fragmentation test and the physical and mechanical characteristics of curved tempered safety glass for use in buildings.

ISO 11458-1:2011 specifies terminology and definitions for curved glass used in general building construction, furniture, display and various other non-automotive applications.

ISO 11485-2:2011 specifies the quality requirements for curved glass used in general building construction, furniture, display and various other non-automotive applications.

ISO 28278-1:2011 specifies requirements for the suitability of supported and unsupported glass products for use in the structural sealant glazing (SSG) technique. Regarding glass products, ISO 28278-1:2011 constitutes a supplement to the requirements specified in the corresponding international standards with regard to verifying suitability for use in SSG systems. Only soda lime silicate glass is taken into consideration in ISO 28278-1:2011. The glass products are installed and bonded into the support under controlled environmental conditions as described in ISO 28278-2. Plastic glazing is excluded from the scope of ISO 28278-1:2011. The structural weatherproofing and sealant and outer seal of IGU products, which are commonly used in structural glazing applications are those based on organo-siloxane,"silicone" polymers, and recommended for use by the sealant manufacturer. Where there is a risk of earthquakes, the sealant design may not be sufficient to resist the loads, and complementary arrangements may be necessary. ISO 28278-1:2011 does not preclude the use of other sealant types where these can demonstrate suitability for service according to ISO 28278-1:2011 and when used following the recommendations of the sealant manufacturer.

ISO 11479-2:2011 specifies a method for objective evaluation of the colour of coated glass when used in facades and viewed from the outside, as well as for measuring colour differences within the same glass pane and between two adjacent panes in the same facade. ISO 11479-2:2011 does not specify requirements for determining colour differences of transmitted colour as viewed from the inside or outside of a facade, nor for internal reflected colour. The comparison should only be undertaken for panes of the same glass type, composition and interior conditions and situated in the same plane of a facade. Specific requirements are given for coated glass, dependent upon its light transmittance and reflectance. ISO 11479-2:2011 is not applicable to curved or bent glass, which is specifically excluded for technical reasons.

This part of ISO 11479 specifies optical quality requirements for coatings applied to glass using either pyrolytic, sol-gel or vacuum (sputtering) deposition methods for use in building glazing. More specifically, this part of ISO 11479 relates to low-e and solar-control coated glass. This part of ISO 11479 is not applicable to patterned or other optically distorting glass.

ISO 28278-2:2010 gives guidelines for the assembly and bonding of glass elements in a frame, window, door or curtain-walling construction, or directly into the building by means of structural bonding of the glass element into or onto the framework or directly into the building. It gives the assembler information that enables him to organize his work and comply with requirements regarding quality control. Quality control of the assembly process is of the highest importance. ISO 28278-2:2010 provides the minimum requirements for acceptable quality control of the process of structural sealant glazing (SSG) on a single project. The annexes contained at the end of ISO 28278-2:2010 provide the methods to ensure proper application and documentation for a safe and weatherproof glazing assembly product. This process is intended to be applicable to most SSG projects. The project testing on metal substrates and glass products will determine proper surface preparation and installation instructions. These rules do not apply to the adhesion or durability of the paint finishes or glass products. This is not intended to be a durability test requirement for the paint and glass products commonly used in the SSG process. The structural, weatherproofing and sealant products which are commonly used in structural glazing applications are those based on organosiloxane, "silicone" polymers. ISO 28278-2:2010 does not preclude the use of other sealant types, where these can demonstrate suitability for service according to ISO 28278-2:2010 and when they are used following the recommendations of the sealant manufacturer.

ISO 20492-3:2010 specifies two methods of test for insulating glass units, including a determination of the gas leakage rate and a determination of gas concentration tolerances. The two methods designated as approach 1, which is intended for use in markets such as North America, and approach 2, which is intended for use in markets such as Europe.

ISO 20492-4:2010 specifies methods for testing the edge seal strength, and partially testing the moisture and gas permeation through sealants, of glass insulating units. Other parts of ISO 20492 designate two approaches to the standardization of insulating glass units: approach 1 is intended for use in markets such as North America; and approach 2 is intended for use in markets such as Europe. The methods in ISO 20492-4:2010 are applicable only to approach 2, as defined and used in the other parts of ISO 20492. In cases where there is no protection against direct ultraviolet radiation at the edges, such as structural sealant glazing systems, it is necessary that additional European technical specifications be followed.

ISO 16940:2008 describes a method for the measurement of the loss factor and the equivalent bending rigidity modulus of laminated glass test pieces. The aim is to compare the properties of interlayers. These two parameters (and others such as density and thicknesses of glass components) can be related to the sound transmission loss (STL) of the glazing itself.

ISO 20492-1:2008 establishes two methods for testing the durability of edge seals of insulating glass units by means of climate tests. The two methods are designated as approach 1 for markets such as North America and approach 2 for markets such as Europe. ISO 20492-1:2008 is applicable to pre-assembled, permanently sealed, insulating glass units with one or two airspaces, and with capillary tubes that are intentionally left open to equalize pressure inside the unit with the surrounding atmosphere. ISO 20492-1:2008 is not applicable to sealed, insulating glass units that contain a spandrel glass coating. ISO 20492-1:2008 does not apply to insulating glass units whose function is decorative only.

ISO 20492:2008 establishes two methods for testing the resistance to fogging of pre-assembled, permanently sealed insulating glass units or insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open. The two methods are designated as approach 1 for markets such as North America, and approach 2 for markets such as Europe. ISO 20492:2008 is not applicable to sealed, insulating glass units containing a spandrel glass coating due to testing limitations. ISO 20492:2008 does not apply to insulating glass (IG) units whose function is decorative only.

ISO 25537:2008 specifies the minimum quality requirements (regarding optical, visual and edge faults) and durability tests for silvered float glass for internal use in buildings. ISO 25537:2008 applies only to mirrors from silvered glass manufactured from flat, annealed clear or tinted float glass, from 2 mm to 6 mm thick, and supplied in stock/standard sizes and as-cut finished sizes to which no further processing (such as edgework or other fabrication) has been done. Upon consultation with the mirror manufacturer, it is possible to apply this International Standard to float glass having a thickness less than 2 mm or greater than 6 mm. ISO 25537:2008 covers the quality requirements of silvered, annealed, monolithic, clear and tinted flat glass mirrors. Mirrors covered in ISO 25537:2008 are not intended for use in environments, e.g. horse-riding halls, swimming pools, medical baths, saunas, swimming pool areas, chemical laboratories and other corrosive environments, where high humidity or airborne corrosion promoters, or both, are consistently present. This International Standard is not applicable to reflective glass for external glazing applications.

ISO 16293-1:2008 defines and classifies basic soda-lime silicate glass products, indicates their chemical composition, their main physical and mechanical characteristics and defines their general quality criteria. Specific dimensions and dimensional tolerances, description of faults, quality limits and designation for the product types are not included in this part of ISO 16293-1:2008.

ISO 16933:2006 provides a structured procedure to determine the air-blast resistance of glazing and sets forth the required apparatus, procedures, specimens, other requirements and guidelines for conducting arena air-blast tests of security glazing. Seven standard blasts simulating vehicle bombs and seven standard blasts simulating smaller satchel bombs that can be used to classify glazing performance are incorporated in this International Standard and cover a broad range of blast parameters. Security glazing, including that fabricated from glass, plastic glazing sheet material, glass-clad plastics, laminated glass, insulated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials and film-backed glass, can be tested and classified in a standard frame or tested but not classified in frames provided with the glazing. Classification and ratings are assigned based on the performance of glazing loaded by air-blast pressures and impulses and are specific to the blast characteristics under which the test takes place. Glazing that has received an air-blast classification and rating is suitable for use in blast-resistant applications only for blasts of comparable characteristics and only if installed in a properly designed frame. Design based on knowledge of the air-blast resistance reduces the risk of personal injury.