BIM - Building Information Modelling (BIM)

This document provides the opportunity to add information about the contents of a container by further
specializing the generic types of links specified in ISO 21597-1. The defined link types have been chosen
to enhance the use of the container by allowing the addition of semantic relationships that are human
interpretable to provide greater clarity about those links.

This document specifies concepts and principles to establish a methodology for specifying level of information need and information deliveries in a consistent way when using Building Information Modelling (BIM).
This document specifies the characteristics of different levels used for defining the detail and extent of information required to be exchanged and delivered throughout the life cycle of built assets. It gives guidelines for principles required to specify information needs.
The concepts and principles in this document can be applied for a general information exchange and whilst in progress, for a generally agreed way of information exchange between parties in a collaborative work process, as well as for a contractually specified information delivery.
The level of information need provides methods for describing information to be exchanged according to exchange information requirements. The exchange information requirements specify the wanted information exchange. The result of this process is an information delivery.
The concepts and principles contained in this document are applicable to all those involved in the asset life cycle. This includes, but is not limited to, the asset owner/operator, the project client, the asset manager, the design team, the construction supply chain, the equipment manufacturer, the system specialist, the regulator, and the end-user.

This International standard sets out the concepts, principles and the general structure for product data templates for products used in construction works. This general structure can be used to describe any product, e.g. in the domains of construction products, mechanical products, electrical products, plumbing products, and HVAC products.
This standard gives the specification of a taxonomy model based on ISO 12006-3 Building construction -- Organization of information about construction works -- Part 3: Framework for object-oriented information, that provides a methodology for creating concepts, grouping concepts, and defining relationships between concepts. Concepts defined in this standard are representing reference documents, product types, properties, property sets, quantities, units and values, with relationships between the concepts to provide the formal description of the product type as well as its typical behavior. This structure of concepts and relationships forms the basis for a product data template.
This standard describes how product data templates shall be linked to IFC classes according EN ISO 16739 - Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction and facility management industries, by describing the general rule for creating relations between xtdsubject and xtdproperty with Ifc entities and Ifc properties in a data dictionary based on EN ISO 12006-3 Building construction -- Organization of information about construction works -- Part 3: Framework for object-oriented information.
This standard describes the general product data template structure that shall be used for developing specific product data templates based on domain and/or specific areas such as standards developed in ISO/IEC, CEN/CENELEC, ASTM, ANSI, etc.

The scope of this guidance is deliberately restricted only to refer to EN ISO 19650-1 and -2, highlighting and describing the manner in which to use it -and not extending or contradicting the scope and content of the standard  The document aims simply to provide minimum supporting text to achieve a basic understanding and ability to implement EN ISO 19650-1 and -2. In each country, each client, each team can use this guidance to provide the best response to information management in each project.  
This document explains the terms and definitions, explains the concepts and principles and how to use them, and gives typical examples with clear explanations.
It should be noted that in this guidance, Information Management is considered as a part of the Project Management.
This guidance is intended to demonstrate how the standard works at European level, which is neutral, agnostic, and applicable to any of the following circumstances:
-   the nature of contracts: e. g. public; private, alliances, global, partnership,
-   the actors' functions: e. g. through the programming, design, construction phases, from small agencies, SMEs to large firms, large companies,
-   the types of works: e. g. simple, complex, new, rehabilitated, housing, infrastructure.

This proposed ISO standard will specify requirements for the security-minded management of projects utilizing digital technologies, associated control systems, for example building management systems, digital built environments and smart asset management. It outlines security threats to information during asset:.
• conception, strategy and briefing;
• procurement;
• design;
• construction;
• commissioning and handover;
• operation and maintenance;
• performance management;
• change of use/modification; and
• disposal/demolition.
It will explain the need for, and application of,trustworthiness and security controls throughout a built asset’s lifecycle (including the full project lifecycle) to deliver a holistic approach encompassing:
• safety;
• authenticity;
• availability (including reliability);
• confidentiality;
• integrity;
• possession;
• resilience; and
• utility.
The standard will address the steps required to create and cultivate an appropriate safety and security mindset and culture across many partners, including the need to monitor and audit compliance.
It will provide a foundation to support the evolution of future digital built environments, for example intelligent buildings, infrastructure and smart cities, but does not detail technical architectures for their implementation. While the processes contained within it may be applicable to other data management systems, this PAS does not specifically address issues relating to these systems.

This new Standard will specify requirements for information management in relation to the operation and maintenance of assets (buildings and infrastructure)
It will cover the information management processes to:
a)    establish an asset breakdown structure and data dictionary;
b)    establish and fulfil the organization’s requirements for information throughout the operational phase of an asset and for operational information throughout the delivery phase of an asset;
c)    create an asset information model (AIM) for an existing asset or portfolio of assets;
d)    create an AIM from selected contents of a project information model (PIM) from a construction project;
e)    exchange asset information with appointed parties (service providers) during operation and maintenance activities, and also during construction projects.
f)    revise the AIM as the asset changes
g)    record information relating to the disposal, decommissioning or demolition of an asset;
h)    use the AIM to support organizational business processes; and
i)    hold the AIM as a resource for the organization.
NOTE 1 In developing and implementing these processes it is important to consider ISO 19650-5 and the need for adoption of appropriate and proportionate security-minded policies, processes and procedures to ensure that sensitive assets and data/information are afforded appropriate protection.
NOTE 2 References to information should be understood to cover both data and information relevant to both asset and facilities management.
This standard will be for use by organizations and individuals responsible for the operation, maintenance and strategic management of assets. It will also be of use to individuals involved in exchanging information from a PIM to and from an AIM. In addition, it will be of use to individuals involved in exchanging information throughout the life of an asset.
The standard will not cover detailed information content as this can only be defined in the information requirements which are developed by the organization. However, the standard will identify activities and documents which define information content.

This document defines an open and stable container format to exchange files of a heterogeneous nature
to deliver, store and archive documents that describe an asset throughout its entire lifecycle.
It is suitable for all parties dealing with information concerning the built environment, where there is
a need to exchange multiple documents and their interrelationships, either as part of the process or
as contracted deliverables. The format is intended to use resources either included in the container
(such as documents) or referenced remotely (such as web resources). A key feature is that the container
can include information about the relationships between the documents. Relevant use-cases reflect the
need for information exchange during the entire life cycle of any built asset and can include, but are not
limited to, the handover of
1. a published bidding package,
2. required project deliverables at a specific project stage (e.g. when proposing different design
scenarios),
3. shared information as background or for further development,
4. published approval packages, or
5. information about versions between partners to provide a means to reference particular states of
the information and track changes.

The Industry Foundation Classes, IFC, are an open international standard for Building Information Model (BIM) data that are exchanged and shared among software applications used by the various participants in the construction or facility management industry sector. The standard includes definitions that cover data required for buildings over their life cycle. This release, and upcoming releases, extend the scope to include data definitions for infrastructure assets over their life cycle as well.
The Industry Foundation Classes specify a data schema and an exchange file format structure. The data schema is defined in
- EXPRESS data specification language, defined in ISO 10303-11,
- XML Schema definition language (XSD), defined in XML Schema W3C Recommendation,
whereas the EXPRESS schema definition is the source and the XML schema definition is generated from the EXPRESS schema according to the mapping rules defined in ISO 10303-28. The exchange file formats for exchanging and sharing data according to the conceptual schema are
- Clear text encoding of the exchange structure, defined in ISO 10303-21,
- Extensible Markup Language (XML), defined in XML W3C Recommendation.
Alternative exchange file formats may be used if they conform to the data schemas.
ISO 16739-1:2017 of IFC consists of the data schemas, represented as an EXPRESS schema and an XML schema, and reference data, represented as definitions of property and quantity names, and formal and informative descriptions.
A subset of the data schema and referenced data is referred to as a Model View Definition (MVD). A particular MVD is defined to support one or many recognized workflows in the construction and facility management industry sector. Each workflow identifies data exchange requirements for software applications. Conforming software applications need to identity the model view definition they conform to.

This European standard establishes the rules for defining properties used in construction and a methodology for authoring and maintaining them, for a confident and seamless digital share between stakeholders.
Regarding definition of properties, it provides:
•   rules of definitions of properties
•   definition of property’s attributes
Regarding authoring and maintaining process, it provides:
•   definition of request’s attributes
•   definition and role of experts;
•   a governance model through the establishment of steering committee;
•   management rules to interconnect dictionaries through properties mapping process.

ISO 12006-2:2015 defines a framework for the development of built environment classification systems. It identifies a set of recommended classification table titles for a range of information object classes according to particular views, e.g. by form or function, supported by definitions. It shows how the object classes classified in each table are related, as a series of systems and sub-systems, e.g. in a building information model.
ISO 12006-2:2015 does not provide a complete operational classification system, nor does it provide the content of the tables, though it does give examples. It is intended for use by organizations which develop and publish such classification systems and tables, which may vary in detail to suit local needs. However, if this part of ISO 12006 is applied in the development of local classification systems and tables, then harmonization between them will be facilitated.
ISO 12006-2:2015 applies to the complete life cycle of construction works, including briefing, design, documentation, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition. It applies to both building and civil engineering works, including associated engineering services and landscaping.

The primary purpose of ISO 16757 is the provision of data structures for electronic product catalogues to transmit building services product data automatically into models of building services software applications. This includes a meta model for the specification of product classes and their properties and a meta model for the product data which is exchanged in product catalogues. Product data has to follow the specifications for their product groups.
ISO 16757-1:2015 specifies
the underlying concepts,
a generic model specifying the available modelling elements and their relationships, and
a framework for the specification of the Content Parts by describing the elements which are to be provided by these Parts.

ISO 16757-2:2016 describes the modelling of building services product geometry. The description is optimized for the interchange of product catalogue data and includes
- shapes for representing the product itself,
- symbolic shapes for the visualization of the product's function in schematic diagrams,
- spaces for functional requirements,
- surfaces for visualization, and
- ports to represent connectivity between different objects.
The shape and space geometry is expressed as Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) based on geometric primitives concatenated to boundary representations by Boolean operations. ISO 16757-2:2016 uses the applicable primitives from ISO 10303‑42 and from ISO 16739 and adds primitives which are required for the special geometry of building services products. For symbolic shapes, line elements are also used.
ISO 16757-2:2016 neither describes the inner structure and internal functionality of the product nor the manufacturing information because this is typically not published within a product catalogue.
Building services products can have millions of variant dimensions. To avoid the exchange of millions of geometries, a parametric model is introduced which allows the derivation of variant-specific geometries from the generic model. This is necessary to reduce the data to be exchanged in a catalogue to a manageable size. The parametric model will result in smaller data files, which can be easier transmitted during data exchanges.
The geometry model used does not contain any drawing information such as views, line styles or hatching.

This document is part of a series of International Standards for information management using building information modelling and focuses specifically on the delivery phase of assets, where the majority of graphical models, structured data and documentation, known collectively as an information model, are accumulated throughout the entire delivery phase.
Commencing at the point at which a client identifies the need to initiate a project to build, maintain, refurbish, or decommission an asset, this document defines the activities and tasks to be undertaken in order to successfully implement this International Standard.
In practice, there are a multitude of different delivery systems, procurement routes and contractual arrangements from which clients normally choose one or more which fit best the specific requirements of its project, e.g. design-bid-build, design-build, EPC (engineer-procure-construct), alliancing, partnering etc. In consequence, roles, procedures, processes, activities or tasks described in this document may vary or be different in live projects, depending on the delivery systems, number and type of supply chains, procurement routes, contractual arrangements etc.
However, the concepts and principles outlined or defined in this document should be adopted and applied accordingly, taking into account the specific circumstances and requirements of the project concerned. The EIR should specify or guide how this will be achieved in the project. As a general rule,
contracting parties and the members of the project and delivery teams should agree details in time.

This document is part one of an International Standard for information management using building information Modelling – ISO 19650. It sets out the concepts and principles for successful information management at a level of maturity described as “BIM according to ISO 19650”.
This standard applies to the whole life cycle of a built asset, including initial design and construction, day-to-day operation, maintenance, refurbishment, repair and end-of-life.
The concepts and principles contained in this part of the Standard are aimed at all those involved in the asset life cycle. This includes, but is not limited to, the owner, the operator, the asset manager, the designer team, the construction supply chain, equipment manufacturers, system specialists, policy makers and regulators.
The concepts, principles and requirements within all parts of this Standard may be augmented or explained in more detail in a National Foreword prepared by each national standards body.
It is proposed that this International standard is developed in parallel with CEN

ISO 29481-1:2016 specifies
- a methodology that links the business processes undertaken during the construction of built facilities with the specification of information that is required by these processes, and
- a way to map and describe the information processes across the life cycle of construction works.
ISO 29481-1:2016 is intended to facilitate interoperability between software applications used during all stages of the life cycle of construction works, including briefing, design, documentation, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition. It promotes digital collaboration between actors in the construction process and provides a basis for accurate, reliable, repeatable and high-quality information exchange.

ISO 12006-3:2007 specifies a language-independent information model which can be used for the development of dictionaries used to store or provide information about construction works. It enables classification systems, information models, object models and process models to be referenced from within a common framework.

ISO 29481-2:2012 specifies a methodology and format for describing ?coordination acts' between actors in a building construction project during all life cycle stages.
It therefore specifies
a methodology that describes an interaction framework,
an appropriate way to map responsibilities and interactions that provides a process context for information flow,
a format in which the interaction framework should be specified.
ISO 29481-2:2012 is intended to facilitate interoperability between software applications used in the construction process, to promote digital collaboration between actors in the building construction process, and to provide a basis for accurate, reliable, repeatable, and high-quality information exchange.

This document discusses an integrated and unified approach for data aspects, specifically for assets in the built environment, using EIF terminology.
The following data architecture (Figure 1) applies within each category.
Figure 1 - Data architecture with typology (grey areas indicating the scope of this document)
...
This document specifies:
-   a generic Top Level "M1: Data model" as common form;
-   a conceptual "L1: Data language" as common meta-model with four ‘linked data’-based concrete language bindings (SKOS, RDFS, OWL and SHACL), including:
-   a choice of RDF-based formats (to be used for all modelling and language levels);
-   a set of data modelling patterns (for identification, naming, handling of enumeration types, quantity modelling, asset decomposition, grouping, etc.).
-   a linking approach for interlinking data sets, interlinking data models and linking data sets and data models which are relevant within the built environment from many perspectives such as:
-   Building information modelling (BIM);
-   Geo-spatial information systems (GIS);
-   Systems engineering (SE)  );
-   Monitoring & control (M&C);
-   Electronic document management (EDM).
This document does not specify a knowledge model since this is already available in ISO 12006-3.
This document does not specify a meta-‘data language’ since this is already provided by the concrete RDF language bindings (being RDFS).
The scope of this document in general excludes the following:
-   Business process modelling;
-   Software implementation aspects;
-   Data packaging and transportation/transaction aspects (handled by ISO TC59/SC13 Information container for document delivery (ICDD) respectively various information delivery manual (IDM) / information exchange requirements (EIR)-related initiatives);
-   Domain-specific (here: built environment-specific) content modelling in the form of concepts, attributes and relations at end-user level (the actual ontologies themselves) beyond a generic upper ontology and modelling patterns.

This document provides a methodology and process to create data templates for construction products that are covered by harmonized technical specifications (harmonized product standards (hEN) and European Assessment Documents (EAD)), under Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 - the Construction Products Regulation (CPR).

ISO 16739:2013 specifies a conceptual data schema and an exchange file format for Building Information Model (BIM) data. The conceptual schema is defined in EXPRESS data specification language. The standard exchange file format for exchanging and sharing data according to the conceptual schema is using the Clear text encoding of the exchange structure. Alternative exchange file formats can be used if they conform to the conceptual schema.
ISO 16739:2013 represents an open international standard for BIM data that is exchanged and shared among software applications used by the various participants in a building construction or facility management project.
ISO 16739:2013 consists of the data schema, represented as an EXPRESS schema specification, and reference data, represented as definitions of property and quantity names and descriptions.
A subset of the data schema and referenced data is referred to as a model view definition. A particular model view definition is defined to support one or many recognized workflows in the building construction and facility management industry sector. Each workflow identifies data exchange requirements for software applications. Conforming software applications need to identity the model view definition they conform to.
The following are within the scope of ISO 16739:2013:
BIM exchange format definitions that are required during the life cycle phases of buildings:
demonstrating the need;
conception of need;
outline feasibility;
substantive feasibility study and outline financial authority;
outline conceptual design;
full conceptual design;
coordinated design;
procurement and full financial authority;
production information;
construction;
operation and maintenance;
BIM exchange format definitions that are required by the various disciplines involved within the life cycle phases:
architecture;
building service;
structural engineering;
procurement;
construction planning;
facility management;
project management;
client requirement management;
building authority for permits and approval;
BIM exchange format definitions including:
project structure;
physical components;
spatial components;
analysis items;
processes;
resources;
controls;
actors;
context definition.
The following are outside the scope of ISO 16739:2013:
exchange format definitions outside of the domain of construction and facility maintenance;
project structure and component breakdown structures outside of building engineering;
behavioral aspects of components and other information items.