ASTM E1020-96
(Practice)Standard Practice for Reporting Incidents
Standard Practice for Reporting Incidents
SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for the collection and preservation of information and physical evidence and the preparation of a documentation report relative to any incident(s) involving personal injury, property damage, or commercial loss which may reasonably be expected to be the subject of litigation.
1.2 For additional standards promulgated by ASTM committee E-30 on Forensic Sciences, see Practices E 620, E 678, E860, and E 1188.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1020–96
Standard Practice for
Reporting Incidents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1020; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope formal capacity include but may not be limited to federal, state,
local officials, employers, owners, insurance personnel and
1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for the collection and
other technical experts.
preservation of information and physical evidence and the
4.2 The data documented by the report shall be factual and
preparation of a documentation report relative to any inci-
should not contain opinions, hypotheses, judgments or conclu-
dent(s) involving personal injury, property damage, or com-
sions, nor should this report fix blame.
mercial loss which may reasonably be expected to be the
subject of litigation.
5. Content
1.2 For additional standards promulgated by ASTM com-
5.1 An incident report should contain the following:
mittee E-30 on Forensic Sciences, see Practices E 620, E 678,
5.1.1 Detailed chronological narrative of what occurred
E 860, and E 1188.
before, during, and immediately after the incident; including
2. Referenced Documents any associated personal injury, property damage, or commer-
cial loss. The sources of information shall be identified.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.2 Photographs which impartially identify and depict the
E 620 Practice for Reporting Opinions of Technical Ex-
scene, the items, or systems involved in the incident, and the
perts
post-incident conditions. Where possible, such photographs
E 678 Practice for Evaluation of Technical Data
should be taken from many directions and should include
E 860 Practice for Examining andTesting ItemsThatAre or
overall site views, overall item and system views, intermediate
May Become Involved in Litigation
views, and close-up views.
E 1188 Practice for the Collection and Preservation of
5.1.3 Identification of items or systems involved in the
Information and Physical Items by a Technical Investiga-
incident.Where possible this may include manufacturer, model
tor
number, serial number, and date of manufacture.
3. Significance and Use
5.1.4 Identification of the persons involved in, and all
known witnesses to, the incident. If possible, witness state-
3.1 This practice is intended to become applicable when
ments should be obtained. Identification should include the full
incidents occur which may reasonably be expected to become
name, current address and information on how they may be
the subject of litigation.
contacted.
3.2 This practice is suggested for documenting transitory
5.1.5 Description of the condition of the items or systems
conditions and data that may change shortly after an incident
involved in the incident and any apparent alterations.
and be lost forever if not properly and promptly documented.
5.1.6 Information relative to all evidence either removed
3.3 The primary use of this practice is to preserve pertinent
from the incident scene or intentionally l
...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.
4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide, and it may include additional requirements for its own members.
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop or as part of a training document or program.
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.
1.3 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.
1.4 Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leaders are eligible to be members of Category: Land Search, Category: Land Rescue, Category: Land Search and Rescue, and Category: Untrained, search teams or crews, as defined in Classification F1993.
1.4.1 Category: Land Search teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
1.4.1.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.4.1.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.4.1.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.4.1.4 Kind: Alpine;
1.4.1.5 Kind: Tracking;
1.4.1.6 Kind: Mounted;
1.4.1.7 Kind: Mountain Bike;
1.4.1.8 Kind: ATV-ROHV.
1.4.2 Category: Land Rescue and Category: Land Search and Rescue teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
1.4.2.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.4.2.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.4.2.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.4.2.4 Kind: Alpine.
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish a minimum level of knowledge and skills for the water rescue responder. The application will improve the quality of initial emergency response, the rescue of the water victims, and the safety of the rescuers.
4.2 All persons who are identified as water rescuers and water rescue responders shall meet the requirements of this guide.
4.3 This guide does not preclude the scope of performances for water rescuers needing more advanced or more specialized water rescue training.
4.4 This guide will assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to water emergencies.
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1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scope of performance of a water rescuer I who may be responsible for the initial on-scene evaluation, performing land-based water rescues, and providing initial patient care at a water rescue incident.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.
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4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.
4.1.3 Mountain Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefix “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in mountainous terrain as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.
4.3 Mountain Endorsement only indicates that personnel are qualified to operate safely and effectively in mountainous terrain in their normal area of operations.
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4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Mountain Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the mountainous environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the mountainous environment.
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology.
1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.
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1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine environment.
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4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
1.5 An Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
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4.1 Classification of human land search and rescue resources is based upon the training of the personnel and their ability to perform specific tasks.
4.2 Human search and rescue resources are classified by category, kind, and duration.
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1.1 This classification is intended to identify the common functional units and single resources used in search and rescue operations; to aid search and rescue (SAR) managers and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) in assembling or ordering resources for search, rescue, or search and rescue incidents; and to aid in identifying the tasks for which crews have been trained.
1.2 This classification is intended as a supplement to the resource typing specifications of the Incident Command System and specifically as a means of typing human resources used in land search and rescue activities.
1.3 This classification is suitable for classifying search and rescue crews for land search and rescue incidents.
1.4 This classification does not attempt to classify individuals or put forth standards of performance or training for individuals, nor is it meant to convey certification, skill proficiency, or other measures of the level of performance of the resource. These qualifications are the responsibility of the local agencies responsible for utilizing the resource.
1.5 This classification identifies human-based resources. Canine crew (or team) classifications are defined in Classification F1848.
1.6 This classification does not classify air resources (Guides F2958 and F3026) or water resources (Guides F1739, F1783, and F1824).
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of training required to provide awareness-level knowledge for personnel operating in and around the areas and operations listed in 1.1.
4.2 This guide may be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training standards for land-based personnel operating in and around these areas and operations.
4.3 A person trained to this guide is considered to be aware of the hazards and risks associated with these areas and operations.
4.4 A person trained solely to this guide is not considered a “searcher,” “rescuer,” or both.
4.5 This guide may be used to augment other training for a searcher and/or rescuer.
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of some of the topics required for training or evaluating a searcher and/or rescuer, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.
4.7 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet its training requirements.
4.8 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements.
4.9 This guide does not stand alone but must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific minimum training needed by a ground searcher and/or rescuer operating in these areas.
4.10 This guide can be used as a reference for training of searchers, rescuers, or both.
4.11 The information presented in the following sections is not in any particular order and does not represent a training sequence.
4.12 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or some other means specified by the AHJ.
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1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2.
1.2 This guide identifies and describes hazardous situations and environments, and the associated risks affecting search and rescue personnel who may be working on or around the following:
1.2.1 Land search;
1.2.2 Land rescue;
1.2.3 Structural collapse;
1.2.4 Rope rescues;
1.2.5 Confined spaces;
1.2.6 Water, both still and moving; and
1.2.7 Trench or excavation collapse.
1.3 The knowledge conveyed in this guide is intended to enable search and rescue (SAR) personnel to recognize situations that may require skills or capabilities they have not been trained to perform. This understanding will allow them to seek more knowledgeable personnel to mitigate the hazard and perform such rescues or other activities required to complete their mission.
1.4 This guide is not intended to suggest that all search and rescue personnel must have the training identified within it. However, wherever the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) deems this training to be appropriate, this document can be used as a guide.
1.5 The AHJ shall determine what level of training constitutes sufficient competence for search and rescue personnel to enter areas or carry out missions, which include the hazards described in this guide.
1.6 This guide identifies some of the known disciplines of SAR and their associated hazards. It does not, however, attempt to list all hazards or risks of which a person must be aware to operate safely and effectively in and around any of the areas listed in 1.1.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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3.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide uniform terminology used in the development of methods and standards relating to ASTM Committee E64 on Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs).
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1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the standards of ASTM Committee E64.
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to stormwater control measures in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E64.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except for methods to establish and report sediment concentration and particle size. It is convention to exclusively describe sediment concentration in mg/L and particle size in mm or μm, both of which are SI units. The SI units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound units shall not be regarded as non-conformance with this test method.
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4.1 Every system is subject to disruptive events and stressors. Events and stressors can occur at all life-cycle stages and affect systems in multiple ways and on a range of scales. It is imperative to define and understand the nature of the events and stressors that may affect a system in order to address the opportunities and challenges presented.
4.2 A resilient system is better able to withstand an anticipated disruptive event or stressor.
4.3 Knowledge from historic disruptive events can aid in the design of system resilience. However, assumptions based on historical events may not be indicative of future conditions or future system operations, or they may not be consistent with design criteria in codes and standards. Systems can be designed to withstand and limit damage and support health and safety; stressors and recovery of function can often be more robustly addressed in initial system design practice. Advancing resilience requires addressing all principles of resilience for applicable events and stressors during the design process and life of the system.
Note 1: Design practice is influenced by codes, standards, federal regulations, and other applicable industry best practices. Both resilience, particularly recovery of function and services, and stressors, are new concepts for design practice of many systems, and guidance is evolving.
4.4 This guide provides general guidance but does not prescribe a specific course of action.
4.5 This guide is intended to inform those associated with creating or managing a system when considering its resilience. This could be product development teams, designers, or assessment teams.
4.6 The general principles of resilience are interrelated. However, to facilitate clarity, they are discussed individually as much as possible.
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1.1 This guide covers general principles related to the resilience of systems, including natural and anthropological systems.
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1.3 This guide recognizes that, in applying principles of resilience, decision makers often balance opportunities and challenges, as well as the safety and risk associated with each of the general principles and their interdependence.
1.4 This guide recognizes that improved resilience may result from a variety of sources and potential solutions. Solutions and their associated impacts can span economic, physical, environmental, health and wellness, ecological, and other human aspects related to individuals, organizations, social systems, physical systems, and natural systems.
1.5 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to all types of systems, the boundaries of which are defined by the user based upon the system functions, uses, and impacts, as well as other natural, social, economic, or physical constraints for the specific situation.
1.6 Applying the principles in this guide will require informed assessment and practical experience to determine if system resilience goals are advanced or achieved through application of the four principles and meeting project requirements.
1.7 This guide acknowledges that the various contexts in which a system is used or operates directly affects its resilience.
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5.2 Documents developed from this practice should be reviewed and revised as necessary on a two-year cycle or according to each jurisdiction’s normal practices. The review should consider new and updated requirements and guidance, technologies, and other information or equipment that might have a significant impact on the management and outcome of radiological incidents.
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1.1 This practice provides decision-making considerations for response to both accidental and intentional incidents that involve radioactive material. It provides information and guidance for what to include in response planning and what activities to conduct during a response. It also encompasses the practices to respond to any situation complicated by radiation in conjunction with the associated guidance for the specific type of incident.
1.1.1 The intended audience for the standard includes planners as well as emergency responders, incident commanders, and other emergency workers who should be protected from radiation.
1.1.2 The scope of this practice applies to all types of radiological emergencies. While it does not fully consider response to an NPP accident,3 an explosive RDD, or nuclear detonation, detailed guidance to respond to such incidents is provided in other documents, such as those cited in the introduction. With respect to the guidance documents, this practice provides the general principles that apply to the broad range of incidents and associated planning goals but relies on the AHJ to apply and tailor their response planning based on those documents as well as the limitation of the personnel and equipment resources in the jurisdiction. In addition, the AHJ should use those documents to identify improvements to planning and resources to be better prepared for the more complex emergencies.
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1.1 This terminology identifies and precisely defines terms as used in the standard test methods, practices, and guides for evaluating response robots intended for hazardous environments. Further discussions of the terms can be found within the standards in which the terms appear.
1.2 The term definitions address response robots, including ground, aquatic, and aerial systems. Some key features of such systems are remotely operated from safe standoff distances, deployable at operational tempos, capable of operating in complex environments, sufficiently hardened against harsh environments, reliable and field serviceable, durable or cost effectively disposable, and equipped with operational safeguards.
1.3 Units—Values stated in either the International System of Units (metric) or U.S. Customary units (inch-pound) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Both units are referenced to facilitate acquisition of materials internationally and minimize fabrication costs. Tests conducted using either system maintain repeatability and reproducibility of the test method and results are comparable.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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