ASTM C410-23

Standard Specification for Industrial Floor Brick

ABSTRACT
This specification covers brick made from clay or shale or mixtures thereof and are suitable for surfacing industrial floors. Four types of industrial floor bricks are covered: Types T, H, M, and L. Brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the type specified. Tolerances for deviation of face or edges of individual brick from a plane surface and from a straight line, respectively, shall not exceed the maximum values specified. The brick shall be sampled and tested for modulus of rupture, absorption, measurement of size, and measurement of warpage in accordance with the requirements specified and for chemical resistance in accordance with the sulfuric acid solubility test specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick made from clay or shale or mixtures thereof and are suitable for surfacing industrial floors. Ceramic shapes known as quarry tile are not covered by this specification.  
1.2 The brick covered herein are intended for environments where resistance to chemicals, thermal shock, and/or mechanical shock is required.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2023
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C15 - Masonry – Manufactured Masonry Units, Mortars and Grouts
• Drafting Committee: C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile

Relations

• Refers: ASTM C1232-23 - Standard Terminology for Masonry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM C67/C67M-19 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM C67/C67M-18 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2018
• Refers: ASTM C1232-17 - Standard Terminology for Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Refers: ASTM C1232-15a - Standard Terminology of Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM C1232-15 - Standard Terminology of Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM C279-13a - Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Refers: ASTM C279-13 - Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM C279-12 - Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Refers: ASTM C1232-12 - Standard Terminology of Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2012
• Refers: ASTM C1232-10c - Standard Terminology of Masonry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2010
• Refers: ASTM C1232-10b - Standard Terminology of Masonry
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM C1232-10a - Standard Terminology of Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM C1232-10 - Standard Terminology of Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Refers: ASTM C1232-09b - Standard Terminology of Masonry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2009

Overview

ASTM C410-23: Standard Specification for Industrial Floor Brick establishes requirements for brick products made from clay or shale for use in industrial floor applications. Developed by ASTM International, this standard identifies the physical and chemical performance criteria that industrial floor brick must meet, ensuring their suitability in environments exposed to high mechanical load, thermal stress, chemical exposure, and abrasion. The standard covers four types of bricks - Types T, H, M, and L - each intended for different industrial circumstances where properties like low absorption, high chemical resistance, thermal shock, or mechanical strength are prioritized.

Key Topics

• Brick Materials: Specifies bricks made from clay, shale, or mixtures, offering robust flooring solutions for industrial settings.
• Types of Industrial Floor Bricks:
  • Type T: Designed for high resistance to thermal and mechanical shock.
  • Type H: Intended for environments needing chemical resistance and thermal shock performance.
  • Type M: Focused on low absorption and abrasion resistance, with moderate impact resistance.
  • Type L: Provides exceptional chemical resistance and minimal absorption.
• Performance Requirements:
  • Modulus of Rupture: Ensures necessary flexural strength for durability under heavy traffic.
  • Absorption Rate: Limits water uptake, which can impact durability in harsh environments.
  • Chemical Resistance: Tested via sulfuric acid solubility, confirming suitability for chemically aggressive locations.
  • Dimensional Tolerances & Warpage: Controls on size variations and flatness ensure consistent installation and performance.
• Product Testing and Sampling: Methods like ASTM C67/C67M and tests in accordance with ASTM C279 are mandated to verify properties such as physical strength and chemical resistance.

Applications

Industrial floor brick complying with ASTM C410-23 are widely used in sectors where flooring is subject to extreme conditions, including:

• Chemical Processing Plants: For flooring that must withstand corrosive agents.
• Food and Beverage Facilities: Where cleaning agents and thermal cycling are frequent.
• Metal Production and Foundries: Floors exposed to molten materials and mechanical impact.
• Heavy Manufacturing and Workshops: Where machinery and equipment require durable surfaces.
• Warehousing & Distribution Centers: High-traffic and high-load areas needing abrasion resistance.
• Pharmaceutical & Laboratory Settings: Where hygienic, impervious, and chemically resistant surfaces are critical.

Using industrial floor brick conforming to ASTM C410-23 helps ensure long service life, safety, and lower maintenance costs in demanding environments.

Related Standards

When specifying or selecting industrial floor brick, consider referencing these associated ASTM standards:

• ASTM C67/C67M - Methods for sampling and testing brick and structural clay tile, essential for verifying compliance with performance criteria.
• ASTM C279 - Specification relevant to chemical-resistant masonry units, including the sulfuric acid solubility test used to confirm chemical durability.
• ASTM C1232 - Provides terminology and definitions related to masonry and industrial floor brick, supporting clear communication and accurate specification.

These related standards support comprehensive quality assurance and proper applications, ensuring flooring meets the stringent requirements of modern industry.

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Keywords: industrial floor brick, ASTM C410, chemical-resistant brick, thermal shock resistance, industrial flooring standards, brick modulus of rupture, brick absorption, mechanical shock, ASTM standards, brick testing, industrial construction materials, abrasion resistance, shale brick, clay brick, chemical process flooring, heavy-duty floor materials.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C410 − 23
Standard Specification for
Industrial Floor Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C410; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Classification
1.1 This specification covers brick made from clay or shale 4.1 Four types of industrial floor brick are covered (Note 1):
or mixtures thereof and are suitable for surfacing industrial
4.1.1 Type T—For use where a high degree of resistance to
floors. Ceramic shapes known as quarry tile are not covered by
thermal and mechanical shock is required but low absorption is
this specification.
not required.
1.2 The brick covered herein are intended for environments
4.1.2 Type H—For use where resistance to chemicals and
where resistance to chemicals, thermal shock, and/or mechani-
thermal shock are service factors but low absorption is not
cal shock is required.
required.
4.1.3 Type M—For use where low absorption is required.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical Brick of this type are normally characterized by limited
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only mechanical (impact) shock resistance but are often highly
and are not considered standard. resistant to abrasion.
4.1.4 Type L—For use where minimal absorption and a high
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the degree of chemical resistance are required. Brick of this type
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- are normally characterized by very limited thermal and limited
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mechanical (impact) shock resistance but are highly resistant to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. abrasion.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE 1—Discussion of Types of Floor Brick—The four types of brick
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
included in this specification are designed to cover the diverse needs of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
many industries for floor units. Recognizing that the requirements of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
primary aluminum producers are quite different from those of chemical
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical manufacturers, and similarly, that the need of a builder for brick with
which to pave an airport terminal building may vary considerably from
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
those of food processing plants, for example, a minimum of four brick
types has been deemed necessary. The factors of modulus of rupture,
2. Referenced Documents
water absorption, and chemical resistance have been selected as the basis
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for the classification system.
C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick
and Structural Clay Tile
5. Physical Properties and Chemical Resistance
C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
Requirements
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
5.1 When tested in accordance with Test Methods C67/
3. Terminology
C67M, brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the
type specified as prescribed in Table 1.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to industrial floor
brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
5.2 When tested in accordance with the sulfuric acid solu-
bility test in Section 8 of Specification C279, brick shall
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
conform to the chemical resistance requirements for the type
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
specified as prescribed in Table 1.
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C410 – 13 (2017).
6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
DOI: 10.1520/C0410-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 The sizes of brick shall be as specified by
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C410 − 13 (Reapproved 2017) C410 − 23
Standard Specification for
Industrial Floor Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C410; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers brick made from clay or shale or mixtures thereof and are suitable for surfacing industrial floors.
Ceramic shapes known as quarry tile are not covered by this specification.
1.2 Terminology related to industrial floor brick is found in TerminologyThe brick covered herein are intended for environments
where resistance to chemicals, thermal shock, and/or mechanical shock is C1232.required.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C67C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to industrial floor brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
4. Classification
4.1 Four types of industrial floor brick are covered (Note 1):
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017June 1, 2023. Published January 2018June 2023. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as
C410 – 13.C410 – 13 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/C0410-13R17.10.1520/C0410-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C410 − 23
4.1.1 Type T—For use where a high degree of resistance to thermal and mechanical shock is required but low absorption is not
required.
4.1.2 Type H—For use where resistance to chemicals and thermal shock are service factors but low absorption is not required.
4.1.3 Type M—For use where low absorption is required. Brick of this type are normally characterized by limited mechanical
(impact) shock resistance but are often highly resistant to abrasion.
4.1.4 Type L—For use where minimal absorption and a high degree of chemical resistance are required. Brick of this type are
normally characterized by very limited thermal and limited mechanical (impact) shock resistance but are highly resistant to
abrasion.
NOTE 1—Discussion of Types of Floor Brick—The four types of brick included in this specification are designed to cover the diverse needs of many
industries for floor units. Recognizing that the requirements of primary aluminum producers are quite different from those of chemical manufacturers,
and similarly, that the need of a builder for brick with which to pave an airport terminal building may vary considerably from those of food processing
plants, for example, a minimum of four brick types has been deemed necessary. The factors of modulus of rupture, water absorption, and chemical
resistance have been selected as the basis for the
...