ASTM E1862-14(2018)

Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The infrared energy that is reflected by a specimen can cause measurement errors for an infrared thermographer measuring its surface temperature. Two procedures are provided for measuring and compensating for this reflected temperature error source, the Reflector Method and the Direct Method.  
5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory using commonly available materials.  
5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities.  
5.4 Due to the nature of the specimens, the repeatability and reproducibility are subjective. However, a measure of the precision of the procedures can be inferred from the results of the replicate procedures specified in 8.1.6 and 8.2.7.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and compensating for reflected temperature when measuring the surface temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.2  
1.2 These procedures may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically energized equipment, or both.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.10 - Specialized NDT Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1862 −14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature
Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 infrared reflector, n—a material with a reflectance as
close as possible to 1.00.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and
3.1.3 infrared thermographer, n—the person using an infra-
compensating for reflected temperature when measuring the
red imaging radiometer.
surface temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging
radiometer.
3.1.4 reflected temperature, n—the temperature of the en-
ergy incident upon and reflected from the measurement surface
1.2 These procedures may involve use of equipment and
of a specimen.
materials in the presence of heated or electrically energized
equipment, or both.
3.1.5 specular reflector, n—a surface that produces a direct
image of a reflected source.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 See also Terminology E1316.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 4. Summary of Procedure
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Two procedures are given for measuring the reflected
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
temperature of a specimen, the Reflector Method and the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Direct Method.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 Aprocedure is also given for compensating for the error
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
produced by reflected temperature using the computer built
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
into an infrared imaging radiometer.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The infrared energy that is reflected by a specimen can
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cause measurement errors for an infrared thermographer mea-
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
suringitssurfacetemperature.Twoproceduresareprovidedfor
measuring and compensating for this reflected temperature
3. Terminology
error source, the Reflector Method and the Direct Method.
3.1 Definitions:
5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory
3.1.1 diffuse reflector, n—a surface that produces a diffuse
using commonly available materials.
image of a reflected source.
5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radi-
ometers that have the required computer capabilities.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
5.4 Due to the nature of the specimens, the repeatability and
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on
reproducibility are subjective. However, a measure of the
Specialized NDT Methods.
precision of the procedures can be inferred from the results of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally
the replicate procedures specified in 8.1.6 and 8.2.7.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1862 – 14.
DOI:10.1520/E1862-14R18.
This practice was originally adapted in 1997, by agreement, from the Guideline
6. Interferences
for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature, Emittance and
6.1 Reflector Method:
Transmittance developed by Infraspection Institute, 425 Ellis Street, Burlington, NJ
08016.
6.1.1 This procedure uses an infrared reflector with an
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
assumed reflectance of 1.00, which is an ideal property. Errors
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
can be minimized by using a reflector having a reflectance as
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. close as possible to 1.00.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1862−14 (2018)
FIG. 1 Reflector Method
6.1.2 Specimens vary in that they can be diffuse or spectral 8.1.2 Place the infrared imaging radiometer on the tripod or
reflectors, or both. Use of an infrared reflector with reflectance support device at the desired location and distance from the
properties as close as possible to those of the specimen will specimen.
reduce errors. 8.1.3 Point the infrared imaging radiometer at the specimen
and focus on the portion of the specimen where the reflected
6.2 Direct Method:
temperature is to be measured.
6.2.1 The Direct Method usually does not account for the
8.1.4 Place the infrared reflector in front of, and parallel to,
heat from the infrared thermographer’s body as a source of
the specimen (see Fig. 1). Maintain a safe working distance
reflected temperature. If this heat source creates a significant
error, use the Reflector Method.
6.3 Reflected temperature errors produced by a point
source, such as the sun or a lamp, are difficult
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1862 − 14 E1862 − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature
Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and compensating for reflected temperature when measuring the surface
temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.
1.2 These procedures may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically energized equipment,
or both.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 diffuse reflector, n—a surface that produces a diffuse image of a reflected source.
3.1.2 infrared thermographer, n—the person using an infrared imaging radiometer.
3.1.2 infrared reflector, n—a material with a reflectance as close as possible to 1.00.
3.1.3 infrared thermographer, n—the person using an infrared imaging radiometer.
3.1.4 reflected temperature, n—the temperature of the energy incident upon and reflected from the measurement surface of a
specimen.
3.1.5 specular reflector, n—a surface that produces a direct image of a reflected source.
3.2 See also Terminology E1316.
4. Summary of Procedure
4.1 Two procedures are given for measuring the reflected temperature of a specimen, the Reflector Method and the Direct
Method.
4.2 A procedure is also given for compensating for the error produced by reflected temperature using the computer built into
an infrared imaging radiometer.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and areis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized
NDT Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2014December 2018. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20102014
as E1862 - 97E1862 – 14.(2010). DOI:10.1520/E1862-14. DOI:10.1520/E1862-14R18.
This practice was originally adapted in 1997, by agreement, from the Guideline for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature, Emittance and
Transmittance developed by Infraspection Institute, 425 Ellis Street, Burlington, NJ 08016.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1862 − 14 (2018)
FIG. 1 Reflector Method
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The infrared energy that is reflected by a specimen can cause measurement errors for an infrared thermographer measuring
its surface temperature. Two procedures are provided for measuring and compensating for this reflected temperature error source,
the Reflector Method and the Direct Method.
5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory using commonly available materials.
5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities.
5.4 Due to the nature of the specimens, the repeatability and reproducibility are subjective. However, a measure of the precision
of the procedures can be inferred from the results of the replicate procedures specified in 8.1.6 and 8.2.7.
6. Interferences
6.1 Reflector Method:
6.1.1 This procedure uses an infrared reflector with an assumed reflectance of 1.00, which is an ideal property. Errors can be
minimized by using a reflector having a reflectance as close as possible to 1.00.
6.1.2 Specimens vary in that they can be diffuse or spectral reflectors, or both. Use of an infrared reflector with reflectance
properties as close as possible to those of the specimen will reduce errors.
6.2 Direct Method:
6.2.1 The Direct Method usually does not account for the heat from the infrared thermographer’s body as a source of reflected
temperature. If this heat source creates a significant error, use the Reflector Method.
6.3 Reflected temperature errors produced by a point source, such as the sun or a lamp, are difficult to measure accurately. These
error sources can often be avoided by moving the infrared imaging radiometer’s position and angle relative to the specimen.
6.4 The measured reflected temperature of a specimen may be specific to the waveband of the infrared imaging radiometer used.
Therefore, the infrared imaging radiometer’s waveband should be noted with the measured value.
6.5 The significance of the error contributed by reflected temperature can be est
...