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ASTM D5093-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using a Double-Ring Infiltrometer with a Sealed-Inner Ring

Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using a Double-Ring Infiltrometer with a Sealed-Inner Ring

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring the infiltration rate of water through in-place soils using a double-ring infiltrometer with a sealed inner ring.
1.2 This test method is useful for soils with infiltration rates in the range of 1 x 107 m/s to 1 x 10-10 m/s. When infiltration rates ≥ 1 x 10-7 m/s are to be measured Test Method D 3385 shall be used.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.4 This test method provides a direct measurement of infiltration rate, not hydraulic conductivity. Although the units of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity are similar, there is a distinct difference between these two quantities. They cannot be directly related unless the hydraulic boundary conditions, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water are known or can be reliably estimated.
1.5 This test method can be used for natural soil deposits, recompacted soil layers, and amended soils such as soil bentonite and soil lime mixtures.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2002
ICS
65.060.35 - Irrigation and drainage equipment
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.04 - Hydrologic Properties and Hydraulic Barriers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5093-90(1997) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using a Double-Ring Infiltrometer with a Sealed-Inner Ring
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D5093-02(2008) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer with Sealed-Inner Ring
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Referred By
ASTM D3385-18 - Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Referred By
ASTM D420-18 - Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002

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ASTM D5093-02 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using a Double-Ring Infiltrometer with a Sealed-Inner RingASTM D5093-02 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using a Double-Ring Infiltrometer with a Sealed-Inner Ring
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ASTM D5093-02 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using a Double-Ring Infiltrometer with a Sealed-Inner Ring
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5093 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using a Double-Ring
1
Infiltrometer with a Sealed-Inner Ring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
2
Fluids
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring
D3385 Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field
the infiltration rate of water through in-place soils using a
2
Using Double Ring Infiltrometers
double-ring infiltrometer with a sealed inner ring.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.2 This test method is useful for soils with infiltration rates
−7 −10
Engaged in theTesting and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
in the range of 1 310 m/s to 1 310 m/s. When infiltra-
2
−7
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
tion rates $1 310 m/s are to be measured Test Method
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-
D3385 shall be used.
3
cal Data
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guideforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPractice
3. Terminology
D6026.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
3.1.1 infiltration—downward entry of liquid into a porous
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
body.
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
3.1.2 infiltration rate, I—quantity of liquid entering a po-
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
3 2
rous material (m ) per unit area (m ) per unit time (s),
standard is beyond its scope.
expressed in units of m/s.
1.4 This test method provides a direct measurement of
3.1.3 infiltrometer—a device used to pond liquid on a
infiltration rate, not hydraulic conductivity.Although the units
porous body and to allow for the measurement of the rate at
of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity are similar, there
which liquid enters the porous body.
is a distinct difference between these two quantities. They
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
cannot be directly related unless the hydraulic boundary
see Terminology D653.
conditions, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral
flow of water are known or can be reliably estimated.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This test method can be used for natural soil deposits,
4.1 The infiltration rate of water through soil is measured
recompacted soil layers, and amended soils such as soil
usingadouble-ringinfiltrometerwithasealedorcoveredinner
bentonite and soil lime mixtures.
ring (Fig. 1). The infiltrometer consists of an open outer and a
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sealed inner ring. The rings are embedded and sealed in
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
trenches excavated in the soil. Both rings are filled with water
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
such that the inner ring is submerged.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 The rate of flow is measured by connecting a flexible
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bag filled with a known weight of water to a port on the inner
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ring.Aswaterinfiltratesintothegroundfromtheinnerring,an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
equal amount of water flows into the inner ring from the
flexible bag.After a known interval of time, the flexible bag is
2. Referenced Documents
removedandweighed.Theweightloss,convertedtoavolume,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is equal to the amount of water that has infiltrated into the
ground. An infiltration rate is then determined from this
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland volume of water, the area of the inner ring, and the interval of
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic
Properties of Soil and Rocks.
2
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
3
published as D5093–90. Last previous edition D5093–90(1997). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5093–02
ratory hydraulic conductivity tests are recommended for stud-
iesoftheinfluenceoflevelofstressonthehydraulicproperties
of the soil.
NOTE 1—Thequality
...

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Standard Practice for Measuring Field Infiltration Rate and Calculating Field Hydraulic Conductivity Using the Modified Philip Dunne Infiltrometer Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice shall only be used on soils having infiltration rates ranging from 2.5 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivity of 6.9 × 10-7 m/s) to 15000 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivity of 4.0 × 10-3 m/s).  
5.2 This practice is useful for field measurement of the infiltration rate and calculation of field hydraulic conductivity of soils. It was initially developed for stormwater treatment applications, and has been used to design, verify the construction of, and perform annual testing on surface drainage applications such as rain gardens or storm water collection systems (1). Other suitable applications include evaluation of potential septic-tank disposal fields (ASTM D5879 and D5921), leaching and drainage efficiencies, irrigation requirements, erosion potential, forestry, agriculture, and water spreading and recharge, among other applications. This test is not intended for use in hydraulic barriers/seals such as landfill liners, nuclear waste repositories, or the core of a dam. This test is also not intended for use in soils that experience changes in volume during infiltration, such as collapsible or expansive soils.  
5.3 Field hydraulic conductivity can only be calculated when the hydraulic boundary conditions are known, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water, or these can be reliably estimated.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.  
5.4 A mathematical analysis has been developed for this test that follows the Green-Ampt a...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for field measurement of the infiltration rate of liquid (typically water) into soils using the modified Philip Dunne (MPD) infiltrometer. The data from the field measurement is then used to calculate the field hydraulic conductivity. Soils should be regarded as natural occurring fine or coarse-grained soils or processed materials or mixtures of natural soils and processed materials, or other porous materials, and which are basically insoluble and are in accordance with requirements of 5.1.  
1.2 This practice may be conducted at the ground surface or at given depths in pits, on bare soil or with vegetation in place, depending on the conditions for which infiltration rates are desired. However, this practice cannot be conducted where the test surface is at or below the groundwater table, a perched water table, or the capillary fringe.  
1.3 This practice is for soils within a range of infiltration rate range defined in 5.1, as long as an adequate seal can be made between the MPD Infiltrometer base and the soil being tested. In highly permeable soils, readings can be taken at shorter intervals, to ensure that enough data are collected to determine the infiltration rate.  
1.4 The field measurement is a falling head test that can be performed relatively quickly (30 to 60 minutes) in silty sand or clayey sand soils suitable for stormwater infiltration practices. It is suitable for testing several locations across a site, to characterize the spatial variability of the infiltration rate throughout the site.  
1.5 The field measurement can be used to measure the infiltration rate, which can be used to calculate the field hydraulic conductivity. The field hydraulic conductivity can be used as an index to compare the suitability of soils for use in the development of surface drainage applications (for example, rain gardens or stormwater fills).  
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ASTM D5093-15e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer with Sealed-Inner Ring

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure low infiltration rates associated with fine-grained, clayey soils, and are in the range of 1 × 10−5 cm/s to 1 × 10−8 cm/s.  
5.2 This test method is particularly useful for measuring liquid flow through soil moisture barriers such as compacted clay liner or covers used at waste disposal facilities, for canal and reservoir liners, for seepage blankets, and for amended soil liners such as those used for retention ponds or storage tanks.  
5.3 The purpose of the sealed inner ring is to: (1) provide a means to measure the actual amount of flow rather than a drop in water elevation which is the flow measurement procedure used in Test Method D3385 and (2) to eliminate evaporation losses.  
5.4 The purpose of the outer ring is to promote one-dimensional, vertical flow beneath the inner ring. The use of large diameter rings and large depths of embedments helps to ensure that flow is essentially one-dimensional.  
5.5 This test method provides a means to measure infiltration rate over a relatively large area of soil. Tests on large volumes of soil can be more representative than tests on small volumes of soil.  
5.6 The data obtained from this test method are most useful when the soil layer being tested has a uniform distribution of pore space, and when the density and degree of saturation and the hydraulic conductivity of the material underlying the soil layer are known.  
5.7 Changes in water temperature can introduce significant error in the volume change measurements. Temperature changes will cause water to flow in or out of the inner ring due to expansion or contraction of the inner ring and the water contained within the inner ring.  
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1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring the infiltration rate of water through in-place soils using a double-ring infiltrometer with a sealed inner ring.  
1.2 This test method is useful for soils with infiltration rates in the range of 1 × 10−5 cm/s to 1 × 10−8 cm/s. When infiltration rates ≥1 × 10−5 cm/s are to be measured Test Method D3385 shall be used.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.  
1.4 This test method provides a direct measurement of infiltration rate, not hydraulic conductivity. Although the units of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity are similar, there is a distinct difference between these two quantities. They cannot be directly related unless the hydraulic boundary conditions, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water are known or can be reliably estimated.  
1.5 This test method can be used for natural soil deposits, recompacted soil layers, and amended soils such as soil bentonite and soil lime mixtures.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.
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1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.
Note 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.
Note 2: Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.  
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).  
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Standard Practice for Measuring Field Infiltration Rate and Calculating Field Hydraulic Conductivity Using the Modified Philip Dunne Infiltrometer Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice shall only be used on soils having infiltration rates ranging from 2.5 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivity of 6.9 × 10-7 m/s) to 15000 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivity of 4.0 × 10-3 m/s).  
5.2 This practice is useful for field measurement of the infiltration rate and calculation of field hydraulic conductivity of soils. It was initially developed for stormwater treatment applications, and has been used to design, verify the construction of, and perform annual testing on surface drainage applications such as rain gardens or storm water collection systems (1). Other suitable applications include evaluation of potential septic-tank disposal fields (ASTM D5879 and D5921), leaching and drainage efficiencies, irrigation requirements, erosion potential, forestry, agriculture, and water spreading and recharge, among other applications. This test is not intended for use in hydraulic barriers/seals such as landfill liners, nuclear waste repositories, or the core of a dam. This test is also not intended for use in soils that experience changes in volume during infiltration, such as collapsible or expansive soils.  
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Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for field measurement of the infiltration rate of liquid (typically water) into soils using the modified Philip Dunne (MPD) infiltrometer. The data from the field measurement is then used to calculate the field hydraulic conductivity. Soils should be regarded as natural occurring fine or coarse-grained soils or processed materials or mixtures of natural soils and processed materials, or other porous materials, and which are basically insoluble and are in accordance with requirements of 5.1.  
1.2 This practice may be conducted at the ground surface or at given depths in pits, on bare soil or with vegetation in place, depending on the conditions for which infiltration rates are desired. However, this practice cannot be conducted where the test surface is at or below the groundwater table, a perched water table, or the capillary fringe.  
1.3 This practice is for soils within a range of infiltration rate range defined in 5.1, as long as an adequate seal can be made between the MPD Infiltrometer base and the soil being tested. In highly permeable soils, readings can be taken at shorter intervals, to ensure that enough data are collected to determine the infiltration rate.  
1.4 The field measurement is a falling head test that can be performed relatively quickly (30 to 60 minutes) in silty sand or clayey sand soils suitable for stormwater infiltration practices. It is suitable for testing several locations across a site, to characterize the spatial variability of the infiltration rate throughout the site.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure low infiltration rates associated with fine-grained, clayey soils, and are in the range of 1 × 10−5 cm/s to 1 × 10−8 cm/s.  
5.2 This test method is particularly useful for measuring liquid flow through soil moisture barriers such as compacted clay liner or covers used at waste disposal facilities, for canal and reservoir liners, for seepage blankets, and for amended soil liners such as those used for retention ponds or storage tanks.  
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5.4 The purpose of the outer ring is to promote one-dimensional, vertical flow beneath the inner ring. The use of large diameter rings and large depths of embedments helps to ensure that flow is essentially one-dimensional.  
5.5 This test method provides a means to measure infiltration rate over a relatively large area of soil. Tests on large volumes of soil can be more representative than tests on small volumes of soil.  
5.6 The data obtained from this test method are most useful when the soil layer being tested has a uniform distribution of pore space, and when the density and degree of saturation and the hydraulic conductivity of the material underlying the soil layer are known.  
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1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.  
1.4 This test method provides a direct measurement of infiltration rate, not hydraulic conductivity. Although the units of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity are similar, there is a distinct difference between these two quantities. They cannot be directly related unless the hydraulic boundary conditions, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water are known or can be reliably estimated.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
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Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    7 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D8139-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Semi-Rigid, Closed-Cell Polypropylene Foam, Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers made from closed-cell polypropylene foam materials having suitable compressibility, recovery from compression, nonextruding, and weather-resistant characteristics.  
1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.  
1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off