ASTM E868-82(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Conducting Performance Tests on Mechanical Conveying Equipment Used in Resource Recovery Systems
Standard Test Methods for Conducting Performance Tests on Mechanical Conveying Equipment Used in Resource Recovery Systems
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods include descriptions for conducting and reporting throughput and electrical power tests on mechanical conveying equipment for municipal solid waste and recovered products from resource recovery systems. Other aspects of performance testing such as spillage, conveyor tracking, dusting, slippage, transfer points, etc., should be considered in the interpretation of the results. These test methods can be used on equipment handling raw refuse, processed refuse, magnetic scrap metals, nonferrous scrap metals, mixed glass, and residues or tailings. These test methods may also be used for materials in other industries.
1.2 These test methods cover mechanical conveying equipment including apron, belt, drag, flight, screw, slat, and vibrating conveyors and bucket elevators.
1.3 These test methods are applicable specifically to the resource recovery industry since municipal solid wastes are heterogeneous mixtures and the composition and bulk densities vary considerably depending on many factors. Because of the varying composition of municipal solid waste, a number of samples must be taken to determine accurately the performance of the mechanical conveying equipment.
1.4 Test Methods for determining the approximate as-conveyed bulk density of the material and for determining the electrical horsepower input of the equipment motors are also included.
1.5 It is intended that the tests be made and reported by personnel trained in the proper application and use of the various instruments and methods involved.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Section 7.
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Designation:E868–82 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Methods for
Conducting Performance Tests on Mechanical Conveying
Equipment Used in Resource Recovery Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods include descriptions for conducting
and reporting throughput and electrical power tests on me- E 380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units
chanical conveying equipment for municipal solid waste and (SI) (the Modernized Metric System)
recovered products from resource recovery systems. Other E 856 Definitions of Terms and Abbreviations Relating to
aspects of performance testing such as spillage, conveyor Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse-Derived
tracking, dusting, slippage, transfer points, etc., should be Fuel
considered in the interpretation of the results. These test 2.2 Other Standard:
methods can be used on equipment handling raw refuse, No. 550 Classification and Definitions of Bulk Materials
processed refuse, magnetic scrap metals, nonferrous scrap
3. Terminology
metals, mixed glass, and residues or tailings. These test
methods may also be used for materials in other industries. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 oversize bulky waste (OBW)—items whose large size
1.2 These test methods cover mechanical conveying equip-
ment including apron, belt, drag, flight, screw, slat, and precludes or complicates processing or sampling.
3.1.2 performance test—a test devised to permit observa-
vibrating conveyors and bucket elevators.
1.3 These test methods are applicable specifically to the tion and measurement of the performance of a system or unit
of equipment operating under prescribed load conditions.
resource recovery industry since municipal solid wastes are
heterogeneousmixturesandthecompositionandbulkdensities 3.2 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthesetestmethods,
refer to Definitions E 856. For an explanation of the metric
vary considerably depending on many factors. Because of the
varying composition of municipal solid waste, a number of system including symbols and conversion factors, refer to
Practice E 380.
samplesmustbetakentodetermineaccuratelytheperformance
of the mechanical conveying equipment.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.4 Test Methods for determining the approximate as-
4.1 The conveying equipment performance can be calcu-
conveyed bulk density of the material and for determining the
lated by determining the volume or weight of a representative
electrical horsepower input of the equipment motors are also
sample of material on the conveying equipment and measuring
included.
its speed. Another method for calculating the conveying
1.5 It is intended that the tests be made and reported by
equipment performance is to measure the infeed or discharge
personnel trained in the proper application and use of the
weight or volume in a given length of time. The minimum
various instruments and methods involved.
recommended number of test runs and size of samples are
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
provided for various types of materials (see Table 1).
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.2 The material flow rate may be reported in any unit;
only.
sample calculations are given only for selected (common)
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
units.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3 Motor wattage (or amperage and voltage) may be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measured and used to calculate the electrical power consump-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-
ment, see Section 7.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Waste Management and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 on the ASTM website.
Municipal Recovery and Reuse. Available from Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association, 1000 Ver-
Current edition approved March 26, 1982. Published December 1982. mont Ave., N.W, Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E868–82 (1999)
machinery, and adopt the use of a“ buddy system” in which the person
5. Significance and Use
conducting the test is always within sight and hearing of a coworker.
5.1 These test methods may be used to measure the equip-
ment performance.
8. Sampling
5.2 These test methods are applicable when the conveying
8.1 Minimum Number of Tests and Size of Sample—The
equipmentisofsufficientlengthandisaccessiblefortakingthe
minimum recommended number of tests and minimum size of
samples and measuring the speed, or when the discharge is
samples to be collected are shown inTable 1, based on the type
accessible to collect a sample in a given length of time. Not all
of material and particle sizes.
pieces of equipment in a processing plant may be accessible;
NOTE 3—The quantity and size of samples have to be statistically
therefore, the input or total of inputs to adjacent upstream
verified. ASTM is conducting additional sampling experiments to verify
equipment/output or total of outputs of adjacent downstream
this information.
equipment may be used to determine the throughput of the
8.2 Frequency of Sample Collection—No more than one
conveying equipment in question. Judgement must be used to
sample shall be taken at a time. After collecting a representa-
determine any loss of material or changes in bulk density.
tive sample, a minimum of 15 min processing time shall elapse
6. Apparatus
before taking the next sample.
6.1 Ammeter/Voltmeter—Multimeter or individual meters to
9. Procedures
permit reading the maximum current and voltage anticipated.
9.1 General—Install, lubricate, and align the equipment to
Meters may be the snap-on type with analog or digital readout.
be tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommenda-
6.2 Bulk Density-Measuring Container—An open-top con-
tions. It is advisable to make one or more preliminary tests for
tainer constructed of suitable materials such as plywood or
thepurposeofdeterminingtheadequacyoftheinstrumentsand
plastic and having the following internal dimensions: 300 mm
apparatus, and the training of the personnel, if required. Before
wide by 300 mm long (1 by 1 ft) and 600 mm (2 ft) high may
the tests are begun, run the equipment under stable conditions
be used for material normally smaller than 150 mm (6 in.) in
for sufficient length of time to bring about equilibrium and
size. Suitable handles may be attached to the exterior of the
steady readings.
container to aid in subsequent handling.
9.2 Recording Data— Keep complete records of all infor-
NOTE 1—Alternatively, containers of other dimensions may be em-
mation relevant to the tests.Asuggested form for recording the
ployed provided the base area is known and sides are perpendicular.
data and calculating the results is given in Fig. 1. Additional
Dimensions of the container shall be a minimum of two times the largest
observations such as material wetness, particle size variations,
particle size.
unusual constituents in the waste or unusually high concentra-
6.3 Bulk Density Measuring Rod—A round or square rod,
tions of a particular constituent, and conveying equipment
approximately 50 mm (2 in.) in diameter or square by 600 mm
spillage, rollback of material, dusting, etc., should be recorded
(2 ft) long, calibrated in 5-mm (0.1-in.) intervals starting from
on the back of Fig. 1 or on a separate sheet. Before removing
one end. The end should be cut off square to prevent sinking
test equipment, compute the results to determine if they are
into sample.
reasonable. If so, the test can be considered terminated and the
6.4 Tachometer or Speed Indicator— A tachometer with
test equipment removed.
linear speed indicator or surface speed indicator. Indicator may
9.3 Calibration of Instruments—Properly calibrate all in-
be hand type with digital readout.
struments in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
6.5 Wattmeter—Industrial analyzer or individual wattmeter
Confirm that the instruments are in good condition and are
to provide two wattmeter indications for three-phase power.
being used under conditions corresponding to those existing at
Meters may be analog or digital type.
the time of their calibration.
9.4 Sample Collection on Open Conveyors—On open con-
7. Safety Hazards
veyors such as apron, belt, drag, and flight conveyors that can
7.1 These test methods may involve the use of hazardous
be stopped, cut two bulkheads from plywood or similar
materials, operations, and equipment. It is the responsibility of
material to fit the contour of the conveying surface to prevent
whomever uses this standard to establish appropriate safety
material rollback. Place these contoured bulkheads on the
practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
conveyor to establish sample (gathering) boundary. Stop the
limitations prior to use.
conveyor. Place one bulkhead, perpendicular to the length of
7.2 Due to the origins of municipal solid waste, common
the conveyor and perpendicular to the conveying surface,
sense dictates that some precautions should be observed when
making sure the material is separated uniformly. Place the
conducting tests. Recommended hygienic practices include use
second bulkhead in a similar manner either upstream or
of gloves when handling the waste, wearing dust masks
downstream from the first, a sufficient distance to obtain one of
(NIOSH-approved type), and washing hands before eating or
therecommendedsizesamplesfromtheconveyor.Measurethe
smoking.
length between the bulkheads (L ) to the nearest 10 mm (0.25
s
7.3 Safety precautions should
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