ASTM D8094-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer
Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The moisture content of LPG can be critical to the use, transportation, or processing of LPG products, especially at cold ambient temperatures and during pressure throttling, when icing or hydrate formation, or both, are most likely to occur. In order to prevent ice or hydrate formation, or both, the water content has to be low enough to prevent the formation of free water in storage tanks and/or regulators over the entire range of operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, and compositions) encountered during normal service. For example, propane and propane-propene mixtures require moisture levels below the equilibrium saturation level of water at operating temperature and pressure for these hydrocarbons to meet specifications such as Specification D1835.
5.2 The presence of free water in a propane system can lead to ice or hydrate accumulation, the blockage of vapor or liquid fuel lines, and disrupt the operation of pumps, meters, filters, valves, regulators, safety shut-off valves, and other equipment.
5.3 This test method allows continuous monitoring of process flow streams and could be applied to monitoring of product dryness during transportation operations if it is known that methanol has not been added.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of water in liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) from 1 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg using an online electronic moisture analyzer, also known as an electronic hygrometer or dew point analyzer, in the absence of methanol or other anti-freeze agent.
1.1.1 These analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on aluminum oxide, Al2O3, silicone, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5, piezoelectric-type cells, or laser-based technologies to measure the dew point temperature of LPG.
1.1.2 Knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the LPG is required to calculate the water content on a mass basis from the dew point temperature of an LPG sample.
1.1.3 The LPG shall be free of alcohol (sometimes added as an anti-freeze agent) as it can interfere with the electronic moisture analyzer. Thus the method will be most useful in a process facility where it is known that no methanol has been added to the LPG product.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 There is an exception in Appendix X1, where the unit “mbar” is used in data provided by an external source, and parts per million by weight (ppm by weight) is widely used in industry.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8094 −21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum
1
Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of water in liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) from 1 mg⁄kg to D1142 Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous
250 mg⁄kg using an online electronic moisture analyzer, also Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature
known as an electronic hygrometer or dew point analyzer, in D1145 Test Method for Sampling Natural Gas (Withdrawn
3
the absence of methanol or other anti-freeze agent. 1986)
1.1.1 These analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
aluminum oxide,Al O , silicone, phosphorus pentoxide, P O , D2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in
2 3 2 5
piezoelectric-type cells, or laser-based technologies to measure Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene
the dew point temperature of LPG. Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
1.1.2 Knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and
5
LPG is required to calculate the water content on a mass basis Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or
from the dew point temperature of an LPG sample. Mass Basis
1.1.3 The LPG shall be free of alcohol (sometimes added as D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
an anti-freeze agent) as it can interfere with the electronic and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
moisture analyzer. Thus the method will be most useful in a Measurement System Performance
process facility where it is known that no methanol has been D6624 Practice for Determining a Flow-Proportioned Aver-
added to the LPG product. age Property Value (FPAPV) for a Collected Batch of
Process Stream Material Using Stream Analyzer Data
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum
standard.
Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
1.2.1 There is an exception in Appendix X1, where the unit
D7453 Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products for
“mbar” is used in data provided by an external source, and
Analysis by Process Stream Analyzers and for Process
parts per million by weight (ppm by weight) is widely used in
Stream Analyzer System Validation
industry.
D7808 Practice for Determining the Site Precision of a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Process Stream Analyzer on Process Stream Material
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 capacitance-type cell, n—a sensor that can store elec-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tric charge which changes with the partial pressure of water
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
vapor in the system.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—An example of capacitance-type cell
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
uses aluminum coated with Al O as part of a capacitor. The
2 3
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dielectric Al O film changes the capacity of the capacitor in
2 3
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
relation to the water vapor present.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally approved the ASTM website.
3
in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8094 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D8094-21. www.astm.org.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8094 − 20 D8094 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum
1
Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of water in liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) from 1 mg ⁄kg to
250 mg ⁄kg using an online electronic moisture analyzer, also known as an electronic hygrometer or dew point analyzer, in the
absence of methanol or other anti-freeze agent.
1.1.1 These analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on aluminum oxide, Al O , silicone, phosphorus pentoxide, P O ,
2 3 2 5
piezoelectric-type cells, or laser-based technologies to measure the dew point temperature of LPG.
1.1.2 Knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the LPG is required to calculate the water content on a mass basis from the
dew point temperature of an LPG sample.
1.1.3 The LPG shall be free of alcohol (sometimes added as an anti-freeze agent) as it can interfere with the electronic moisture
analyzer. Thus the method will be most useful in a process facility where it is known that no methanol has been added to the LPG
product.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 There is an exception in Appendix X1, where the unit “mbar” is used in data provided by an external source, and parts per
million by weight (ppm by weight) is widely used in industry.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1142 Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2020July 1, 2021. Published October 2020July 2021. Originally approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
D8094 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D8094-20.10.1520/D8094-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8094 − 21
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D1145 Test Method for Sampling Natural Gas (Withdrawn 1986)
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by
Gas Chromatography
D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or Mass Basis
5
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6624 Practice for Determining a Flow-Proportioned Average Property Value (FPAPV) for a Collected Batch of Process Stream
Material Using Stream Analyzer Data
D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
D7453 Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products for Analysis by Process Stream Analyzers and for Process Stream Analyzer
System Validation
D7808 Practice for Determining the Site Precision of a Process Stream Analyzer on Process Stream Material
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 capacitance-ty
...
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