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ASTM D4870-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sediment up to 0.40 % m/m for distillate fuel oils containing residual components and to 0.50 % m/m in residual fuel oils having a maximum viscosity of 55 cSt (mm2/s) at 100C. Some fuels can exceed the maximum filtration time specified in this test method due to factors other than the presence of significant quantities of insoluble organic or inorganic material. This test method can be used for the assessment of total sediment after regimes of fuel pretreatment designed to accelerate the aging process.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, Annex A1, and X1.61.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4870-99 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D4870-07 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6469-20 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7060-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4740-20 - Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7157-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Intrinsic Stability of Asphaltene-Containing Residues, Heavy Fuel Oils, and Crude Oils (<emph type="ital">n</emph >-Heptane Phase Separation; Optical Detection)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004

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ASTM D4870-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4870–04
Designation: 375/99
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 total sediment—the sum of the insoluble organic and
inorganic material that is separated from the bulk of the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total
residual fuel oil by filtration through a Whatman GF/A filter
sediment up to 0.40 % m/m for distillate fuel oils containing
medium, and that is also insoluble in a predominantly paraf-
residual components and to 0.50 % m/m in residual fuel oils
2
finic solvent.
havingamaximumviscosityof55cSt(mm /s)at100°C.Some
fuels can exceed the maximum filtration time specified in this
4. Summary of Test Method
testmethodduetofactorsotherthanthepresenceofsignificant
4.1 A weighed quantity (10 g) of the oil sample is filtered
quantities of insoluble organic or inorganic material. This test
through the prescribed apparatus at 100°C. After solvent
method can be used for the assessment of total sediment after
washing and drying the total sediment on the filter medium is
regimes of fuel pretreatment designed to accelerate the aging
weighed. The test is to be carried out in duplicate.
process.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
5. Significance and Use
regarded as the standard.
5.1 Appreciable amounts of sediment in a residual fuel oil
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
can cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problems
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in burner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storage
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
obstruction of the flow of oil from the tank to the burner.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, Annex A1, and X1.6.1.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Filtration Apparatus, constructed of brass, with copper
2. Referenced Documents
steam coils attached, suitably supported above a vacuum flask
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
appropriately protected against the effects of implosion. See
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Figs. 1 and 2.
Petroleum Products
6.2 Thermometer, partial immersion type ranging from
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
approximately 95 to 103°C. Maximum length 220 mm. Maxi-
Petroleum Products
mum graduation interval 0.5°C.
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
6.3 Oven, electric, capable of maintaining a temperature of
3. Terminology 110 6 1°C. The oven should be capable of safely evaporating
the solvent without risk of fire.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.4 Stirring Rod, glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
approximately 150 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter.
6.5 Beaker,glass,30mLcapacity,eithersquatformwithlip
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
or conical.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.6 Weighing Bottles, with ground glass stoppers, num-
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
bered, 80 mm diameter by 40 mm.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 4870–99.
6.7 Hotplate, electric.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.8 Steam Generator, to provide steam at 100 6 1°C.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.9 Vacuum Source, capable of providing the specified
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. vacuum.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4870–04
FIG. 1 Detail of Filtration Cell
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
3
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
sufficiently high
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
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1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
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Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
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B  
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Gas Oils  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off