ASTM D235-99

Standard Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four types of hydrocarbon solvents, normally petroleum distillates, used primarily in the coatings and dry-cleaning industries. "Mineral spirits" is the most common name for these solvents. They are also called "Stoddard Solvents" when used for dry cleaning.
1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, 6.1.10, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1999
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• ICS: 97.060 - Laundry appliances
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.35 - Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D235-02 - Standard Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8256-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in the Sequence VH Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6923-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6425-19 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test Machine
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8165-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D3705-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Misting Properties of Lubricating Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1816-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8047-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8350-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVB Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8226-21ae1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIF Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D95-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6709-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D3023-98(2017) - Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7484-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 235 – 99
Standard Specification for
Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry
Cleaning Solvent)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 235; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope * D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
Diluents
1.1 This specification covers four types of hydrocarbon
D 2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hy-
solvents, normally petroleum distillates, used primarily in the
drocarbons by Electrometric Titration
coatings and dry-cleaning industries. “Mineral spirits” is the
D 3227 Test Method for Mercaptan Sulfur in Gasoline,
most common name for these solvents. They are also called
Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentio-
“Stoddard Solvents” when used for dry cleaning.
metric Method)
1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the
D 3257 Test Method for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits by
supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this
Gas Chromatography
specification.
D 3278 Test Method for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
method portion, 6.1.10, of this specification. This standard
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
2.2 U.S. Federal Specification:
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
PPP-C-2020 Chemical, Liquid, Dry, and Paste: Packaging
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
of
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
3. Classification
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Mineral spirits shall be of the following types as
specified:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1 Type I—Full Range.
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
3.1.2 Type II—High Flash Point.
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
3.1.3 Type III—Odorless.
Atmospheric Pressure
3.1.4 Type IV—Low Dry Point.
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
3.2 Mineral spirits types may be further differentiated based
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
on aromatics content as follows:
D 156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Prod-
3.2.1 Class A—8 to 22 vol % aromatics.
ucts (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
3.2.2 Class B—2 to 8 max vol % aromatics.
D 268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents
3.2.3 Class C—less than 2 vol % aromatics.
and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related
Coatings and Materials
4. Properties
D 1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-
3 4.1 The physical and chemical properties of the different
bon Solvents
types and classes of mineral spirits shall conform to the
D 1159 Test Method for Bromine Number of Petroleum
requirements specified in Table 1.
Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electro-
metric Titration
5. Sampling
D 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
5.1 The material shall be sampled in accordance with
Cobalt Scale)
Practice E 300.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paints
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
published as D 235 – 26. Last previous edition D 235 – 95. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 235
TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral Spirits
Type I Full Range Mineral Spirits ? Type II High Flash Point
A A A A
Class A Class B Class C ? Class A Class B Class C
Aromatic Content, range, vol % 8–22 2–8 max 0–2 8–22 2–8 max 0–2
Commercial reference regular rule 66 low aromatic regular rule 66 low aromatic
Appearance clear and free of suspended matter when observed at 60–78°F
Flash point, °F (°C), min 100 (38) 100 (38) 100 (38) 142 (61) 142 (61) 142 (61)
Color, min not darker than + 25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co Scale
Kauri-Butanol value,
min 29 29 28 29 29 28
max 45 45 40 45 45 40
Bromine Number, max 5 1 0.1 5 1 0.1
B
Odor characteristic, as agreed between purchaser and supplier
Doctor test negative
Distillation, °F (°C)
Initial boiling point, min 300 (149) 300 (149) 300 (149) 350 (177) 350 (177) 350 (177)
50 % Recovered, max 360 (182) 360 (182) 360 (182) 390 (199) 390 (199) 390 (199)
Dry point, max 415 (213) 415 (213) 415 (213) 415 (213) 415 (213) 415 (213)
Residue from distillation:
Vol%,max 1.5
Acidity neutral
Copper corrosion, max rating 2A
Apparent Specific Gravity 60/60°F
(15.6/15.6°C)
min 0.754 0.754 0.754 0.768 0.768 0.768
max 0.820 10.810 0.800 0.820 0.810 0.810
C
Type III Odorless ? Type IV Low Dry Point
A A A A
Class C-1 Class C-2 ? Class A Class B Class C
Aromatic Content, range, vol % 0–0.25 0–0.25 8–22 2–8 max 0–2
Commercial Reference odorless odorless regular rule 66 low aromatic
Appearance clear and free of suspended matter when observed at 60–78°F
Flash Point, °F (°C), min 100 (38) 100 (38) 100 (38) 100 (38) 100 (38)
Color, min not darker than + 25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co Scale
Kauri-Butanol value,
min . . 29 29 28
max 29 29 45 45 40
Bromine Number, max 0.1 5 5 1 0.1
B
Odor characteristic as agreed between purchaser and supplier
Doctor Test negative
Distillation, °F (°C)
Initial boiling point, min 300 (149) 300 (149) 300 (149) 300 (149) 300 (149)
50 % R
...