ASTM E772-05

Standard Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2005
• ICS: 01.040.27 - Energy and heat transfer engineering (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 27.160 - Solar energy engineering
• Technical Committee: E44 - Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources
• Drafting Committee: E44.01 - Terminology and Editorial

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E772-87(2001) - Standard Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM E772-11 - Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D4141/D4141M-22 - Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E1021-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Spectral Responsivity Measurements of Photovoltaic Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E781-86(2023) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Absorptive Solar Receiver Materials When Exposed to Conditions Simulating Stagnation in Solar Collectors with Cover Plates
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E3325-21 - Standard Practice for Sampling of Solar Photovoltaic Modules for Toxicity Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM G213-17(2023) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Uncertainty in Calibration and Field Measurements of Broadband Irradiance with Pyranometers and Pyrheliometers
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E2939-13(2023) - Standard Practice for Determining Reporting Conditions and Expected Capacity for Photovoltaic Non-Concentrator Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E824-10(2018)e1 - Standard Test Method for Transfer of Calibration From Reference to Field Radiometers
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E816-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Calibration of Pyrheliometers by Comparison to Reference Pyrheliometers
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E971-11(2019) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Photometric Transmittance and Reflectance of Materials to Solar Radiation
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E2527-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Electrical Performance of Concentrator Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules and Systems Under Natural Sunlight
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E1036-15(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Electrical Performance of Nonconcentrator Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules and Arrays Using Reference Cells
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E1462-12(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Insulation Integrity and Ground Path Continuity of Photovoltaic Modules
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E972-96(2021) - Standard Test Method for Solar Photometric Transmittance of Sheet Materials Using Sunlight
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E772–05
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Solar Energy Conversion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E772; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents observer was at sea level, at standard barometric pressure,
2 and the sun was directly overhead.
1.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
NOTE 2—(Sometimes called air mass ratio.) Air mass varies with the
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
zenith angle of the sun and the local barometric pressure, which changes
with altitude. For sun zenith angle, Z, of 62° or less and local atmospheric
Closed Cup Tester
pressure, P, where P is standard atmospheric pressure, AM . sec Z
E490 Standard Solar Constant and Zero Air Mass Solar o
(P/P ).
o
Spectral Irradiance Tables
E491 Practice for Solar Simulation for Thermal Balance
albedo—the use of the term albedo is discouraged in favor of
Testing of Spacecraft
the preferred term, reflectance.
E971 PracticeforCalculationofPhotometricTransmittance
altazimuthal mount—a supporting device that facilitates
and Reflectance of Materials to Solar Radiation
tracking of the sun and allows rotation about horizontal and
G173 Tables for Reference Solar Spectral Irradiances: Di-
vertical axes. It can be used to aim equipment such as
rect Normal and Hemispherical on 37° Tilted Surface
heliostats, concentrating collectors, exposure specimens, or
radiometers.
2. Terminology
angle of incidence—theanglebetweenarayandthenormalto
the plane on which it is incident. (The plane of incidence
absorber—that part of a solar collector whose primary func-
may be the aperture plane, the collector, or any other plane
tion is to absorb radiant energy and transform it into another
of interest.)
form of energy.
angle of reflection—the angle between the direction of propa-
NOTE 1—Athermal absorber usually possesses a solid surface through
gation of a reflected ray and the normal to the surface at the
which energy is transmitted by thermal conduction to the transfer fluid;
point of reflection.
however, the transfer fluid itself can be the absorber in the case of an
angle of refraction—the angle between the direction of
optically transparent container and a “black liquid”. A photovoltaic
absorber converts part of the incident solar flux into electrical energy, and propagationofarefractedrayandthenormaltotheinterface
part to thermal energy.
at the point of refraction.
aperture area—see area, aperture.
absorptance, a—theratiooftheabsorbedradiantorluminous
apparent solar time, apt—the hours of the day as computed
flux to the incident flux. (Practice E491). See radiometric
from the position of the sun using the equation of time. (See
properties and quantities.
ASHRAE Handbook of Applications, 1982, Chapter 57.)
absorption—the process by which incident radiant energy is
area, absorber—the total uninsulated heat transfer surface
transformed into another form of energy by interaction with
area of the absorber, including unirradiated as well as
matter.
irradiated portions.
air handling unit—a device used for distributing conditioned
area, aperture— of a flat plate collector, (1) the maximum
air supply to a room, space, or area.
projected area of a solar collector through which the uncon-
air mass, AM—the ratio of the mass of atmosphere in the
centrated solar radiant energy may be admitted to the
actual observer-sun path to the mass that would exist if the
absorber. (2) effective aperture area—the area as defined
above projected normal to the sun’s rays and corrected for
1 2 2
These definitions are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
any shading. Units: square metres (m ) [square feet (ft )].
Geothermal and OtherAlternative Energy Sources and are the direct responsibility
area, collector panel—the total area of the panel assembly
of Subcommittee E44.09 on Photovoltaic Electric Power Conversion.
(with its containing box, if present), projected on the
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E772–87(01). DOI: aperture plane.
10.1520/E0772-05.
area, gross aperture— of a concentrating collector, the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
maximum projected area through which the unconcentrated
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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