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ASTM D6389-99(2012)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids

Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a test procedure for determining the resistance of a geotextile with a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical. This practice should be used in the absence of other specifications required for the particular situation being addressed.  
5.2 The specification of test procedures in this practice is intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geotextile to a potentially harsh chemical environment.  
5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessment of geotextiles and is written in parallel to similar standard practices for geomembranes, geogrids, geonets, and geopipes. Each standard is to be considered individually for the geosynthetic under investigation and collectively for all geosynthetics exposed to the potentially harsh chemical environment under consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testing geotextiles for chemical resistance to liquids.  
1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuring changes in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and other optional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties caused by immersion in test liquids which may be representative of anticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used to assess the extent to which a product's as-manufactured properties are affected by such immersion.  
1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with either Practices D5322 or D5496. The scope of this practice is limited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and exposed geotextile samples.  
1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.02 - Endurance Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6389-99(2005) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D6389-99(2016) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Referred By
ASTM D7931/D7931M-21a - Standard Guide for Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4884/D4884M-22 - Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D6917-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012

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ASTM D6389-99(2012) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to LiquidsASTM D6389-99(2012) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
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ASTM D6389-99(2012) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6389 − 99(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4491Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
by Permittivity
1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testing
D4533Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geo-
geotextiles for chemical resistance to liquids.
textiles
1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuring
D4595Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by
changes in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and other
the Wide-Width Strip Method
optional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties caused
D4603Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of
by immersion in test liquids which may be representative of
Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary
anticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used to
Viscometer
assess the extent to which a product’s as-manufactured prop-
D4632TestMethodforGrabBreakingLoadandElongation
erties are affected by such immersion.
of Geotextiles
D4716Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow
1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with
either Practices D5322 or D5496. The scope of this practice is Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
limited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and
exposed geotextile samples. D4751TestMethodforDeterminingApparentOpeningSize
of a Geotextile
1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond the
D4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
scope of this practice.
Geomembranes and Related Products
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5199Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of Geosynthetics
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5261Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Geotextiles
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
D5322Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for
warning statements, see Section 7.
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
Liquids
2. Referenced Documents
D5496Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thetics
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
D5747Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-
D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
tance of Geomembranes to Liquids
by Extrusion Plastometer
D5885Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Poly-
D3895Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-
olefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential Scan-
olefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
ning Calorimetry
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
3.1.1 chemical resistance, n—for geosynthetics, the extent
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
Properties.
to which a material or product retains its as-manufactured
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Orginally approved
physical and chemical characteristics when subjected to im-
in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6389–99(2005). DOI:
mersion or contact with a foreign substance (see Practice
10.1520/D6389-99R12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or D5747).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. polymeric material used with foundation soil, rock, earth, or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6389 − 99 (2012)
any other geotechnical engineering related material as an sion liquids, and any contaminated geotextile materials should
integral part of a manmade project, structure, or system (see be identified and implemented to provide full protection to all
Terminology D4439). personnel and to comply with applicable disposal regulations.
3.1.3 geotextile, n—any permeable textile used with
3
8. Sampling
foundation,soil,rock,earth,oranyothergeotechnicalmaterial
8.1 Determine the number of the test specimen
...

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5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
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1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
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1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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