ASTM D4992-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion Control
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion Control
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The field examination and petrographic examination in this practice along with appropriate laboratory testing may be used to determine the suitability of rock for erosion control. It should identify and delineate areas or zones of the rock, beds, and facies of unsuitable or marginal composition and properties due to weathering, alteration, structural weaknesses, porosity, and other potentially deleterious characteristics.
4.2 Both the rock mass properties and the rock material properties must be evaluated.
4.2.1 The rock mass properties are the lithologic properties of the in situ rock that must be evaluated on a macroscopic scale in the field. These would include features such as fractures, joints, faults, bedding, schistosity, and lineations, as well as the lateral and vertical extent of the rock unit.
4.2.2 The rock material properties are those lithologic properties that may be evaluated using small specimens and thus can be subject to meaningful laboratory testing. These properties would include mineral composition, grain size, rock hardness, degree of weathering, porosity, unit weight, and many others.
4.3 Rock proposed for use in erosion control applications will normally be classified as either filter bedding stone, riprap stone, armor stone, or breakwater stone. However, these procedures may be also extended to rocks used in groin and gabion structures.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of rock to be used for erosion control. The complexity and extent of this evaluation will be governed by the size and design requirements of the individual project, the quantity and quality of rock required, and the potential risk for property damage or loss of human life.
1.2 It is not intended that all of the evaluations listed in this practice be addressed for every project. For some small, less critical jobs, a visual inspection of the rock may be all that is necessary. Several of the evaluations listed may be necessary on large, complex, high-hazard projects. The intensity and number of evaluations made on any one project must be determined by the designer.
1.3 Examination of the rock at the source, evaluation of similar rock exposed to the environment at any field installations, as well as laboratory tests may be necessary to determine the properties of the rock as related to its predicted performance at the site of intended use (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).2
1.4 The examination of the rock at its source is essential to its evaluation for erosion control and aids in the planning of the subsequent laboratory examinations. Very large pieces of rock up to several tons weight are used in the control of erosion; thus great care must be taken with the field descriptions and in the sampling program to assure that zones of impurities or weaknesses that might not occur in ordinary size specimens are recorded and evaluated for their deleterious potential under the conditions of intended use. It is necessary that the intended method of rock removal be studied to ascertain whether the samples taken will correspond to the blasting, handling, and weathering history of the rock that will finally be used (3).
1.5 The specific procedures employed in the laboratory examinations depend on the kind of rock, its characteristics, mineral components, macro and micro structure, and perhaps most importantly, the intended use, size of the pieces, and...
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Designation: D4992 − 14
StandardPractice for
1
Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4992; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* most importantly, the intended use, size of the pieces, and the
exposure conditions at the site of use (1, 2, 3, 4).
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheevaluationofrocktobeusedfor
erosion control. The complexity and extent of this evaluation 1.6 Itisassumedthatthispracticewillbeusedbypersonnel
will be governed by the size and design requirements of the who are qualified by education and experience to plan the
individual project, the quantity and quality of rock required, necessary evaluations and to conduct them so that the neces-
and the potential risk for property damage or loss of human sary parameters of the subject rock will be defined. Therefore,
life. this practice does not attempt to detail the laboratory tech-
niques required, but rather to mention them and only detail
1.2 It is not intended that all of the evaluations listed in this
those properties that must be of special concern in the course
practice be addressed for every project. For some small, less
of the examination for rock to be used for erosion control.
critical jobs, a visual inspection of the rock may be all that is
necessary. Several of the evaluations listed may be necessary 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
on large, complex, high-hazard projects. The intensity and standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
number of evaluations made on any one project must be information only.
determined by the designer.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.3 Examination of the rock at the source, evaluation of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
similar rock exposed to the environment at any field
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
installations, as well as laboratory tests may be necessary to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
determine the properties of the rock as related to its predicted
2
1.9 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
performance at the site of intended use (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
1.4 The examination of the rock at its source is essential to
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
itsevaluationforerosioncontrolandaidsintheplanningofthe
withprofessionaljudgment.Notallaspectsofthispracticemay
subsequent laboratory examinations. Very large pieces of rock
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
up to several tons weight are used in the control of erosion;
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
thus great care must be taken with the field descriptions and in
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
the sampling program to assure that zones of impurities or
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
weaknessesthatmightnotoccurinordinarysizespecimensare
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
recordedandevaluatedfortheirdeleteriouspotentialunderthe
title of this document means only that the document has been
conditions of intended use. It is necessary that the intended
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
method of rock removal be studied to ascertain whether the
samples taken will correspond to the blasting, handling, and
2. Referenced Documents
weathering history of the rock that will finally be used (3).
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.5 The specific procedures employed in the laboratory
C88Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of
examinations depend on the kind of rock, its characteristics,
Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
mineral components, macro and micro structure, and perhaps
C127Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C294Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
crete Aggregates
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion
Control.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4992–07. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D4992-14. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Theboldfacenumbersi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4992 − 07 D4992 − 14
Standard Practice for
1
Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4992; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of rock to be used for erosion control. The complexity and extent of this evaluation will
be governed by the size and design requirements of the individual project, the quantity and quality of rock required, and the
potential risk for property damage or loss of human life.
1.2 It is not intended that all of the evaluations listed in this practice be addressed for every project. For some small, less critical
jobs, a visual inspection of the rock may be all that is necessary. Several of the evaluations listed may be necessary on large,
complex, high-hazard projects. The intensity and number of evaluations made on any one project must be determined by the
designer.
1.3 Examination of the rock at the source, evaluation of similar rock exposed to the environment at any field installations, as
well as laboratory tests may be necessary to determine the properties of the rock as related to its predicted performance at the site
2
of intended use (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
1.4 The examination of the rock at its source is essential to its evaluation for erosion control and aids in the planning of the
subsequent laboratory examinations. Very large pieces of rock up to several tons weight are used in the control of erosion; thus
great care must be taken with the field descriptions and in the sampling program to assure that zones of impurities or weaknesses
that might not occur in ordinary size specimens are recorded and evaluated for their deleterious potential under the conditions of
intended use. It is necessary that the intended method of rock removal be studied to ascertain whether the samples taken will
correspond to the blasting, handling, and weathering history of the rock that will finally be used (3).
1.5 The specific procedures employed in the laboratory examinations depend on the kind of rock, its characteristics, mineral
components, macro and micro structure, and perhaps most importantly, the intended use, size of the pieces, and the exposure
conditions at the site of use (1, 2, 3, 4).
1.6 It is assumed that this practice will be used by personnel who are qualified by education and experience to plan the necessary
evaluations and to conduct them so that the necessary parameters of the subject rock will be defined. Therefore, this practice does
not attempt to detail the laboratory techniques required, but rather to mention them and only detail those properties that must be
of special concern in the course of the examination for rock to be used for erosion control.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.9 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s
many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through
the ASTM consensus process.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion Control.
Current edition approved June 1, 2007May 1, 2014. Published July 2007May 2014. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D4992 – 97D4992 – 07. (2001). DOI: 10.1520/D4992-07.10.1520/D4992-14.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references a
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