ASTM D2394-05e1

Standard Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Base Finish Flooring

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test methods presented herein are intended to provide both a factual and comparative means of appraising the suitability of finish flooring. The procedures developed simulate some conditions of use that may require either maintenance beyond that considered normal or replacement of the floor surface material.
It is important for some of the evaluations that the substrate to be used beneath the finish flooring be duplicated because the type and degree of support will have a direct influence on the value obtained from test. For example, in some present-day construction, low-density materials are used for sound-deadening immediately below the finish flooring. The way this substrate distributes loading and absorbs energy will have an influence on evaluations such as those in rolling and concentrated loads.
The test methods presented herein may be used to compare different finish floorings as to their resistance to severe and ordinary service loads and also may serve as the means to set specification limits. The properties obtained by these test methods are needed in addition to such basic material properties as stiffness, strength, hardness, and dimensional stability.  
Not all test may be required for any specific investigation. There may be an interrelation between two tests, and when it has been demonstrated what the interrelation is, a complete evaluation will only be required as a final stage of a study. In each instance, therefore, it will be necessary to determine which evaluations should be made to fulfill the objectives.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring the performance of finish flooring under the following service loadings and conditions:
  Section Loading Tests  Concentrated Loading 7  Floor Surface Indentation from Small Area Loads12  Falling-Ball Indentation18  Rolling Load23 Mechanical Tests  Abrasion Resistance28  Coefficient of Friction33 Moisture Tests  Surface Wetting38

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2005
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2394-05 - Standard Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Base Finish Flooring
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM D2394-05(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Base Finish Flooring
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2011
• Referred By: ASTM G115-10(2018) - Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7032-21 - Standard Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads, Guards, and Handrails
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:D2394–05
Standard Test Methods for
Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Base Finish
1
Flooring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in Section 32 and Section 33 in March 2008.
1. Scope 3.2 It is important for some of the evaluations that the
substrate to be used beneath the finish flooring be duplicated
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring the
because the type and degree of support will have a direct
performance of finish flooring under the following service
influenceonthevalueobtainedfromtest.Forexample,insome
loadings and conditions:
present-day construction, low-density materials are used for
Section
sound-deadening immediately below the finish flooring. The
Loading Tests
Concentrated Loading 7
way this substrate distributes loading and absorbs energy will
Floor Surface Indentation from Small Area Loads 12
have an influence on evaluations such as those in rolling and
Falling-Ball Indentation 18
concentrated loads.
Rolling Load 23
Mechanical Tests
3.3 The test methods presented herein may be used to
Abrasion Resistance 28
compare different finish floorings as to their resistance to
Coefficient of Friction 33
severe and ordinary service loads and also may serve as the
Moisture Tests
Surface Wetting 38
means to set specification limits. The properties obtained by
thesetestmethodsareneededinadditiontosuchbasicmaterial
2. Referenced Documents
properties as stiffness, strength, hardness, and dimensional
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stability.
D1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-
3.4 Not all test may be required for any specific investiga-
Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
tion. There may be an interrelation between two tests, and
E72 Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels
when it has been demonstrated what the interrelation is, a
for Building Construction
complete evaluation will only be required as a final stage of a
study. In each instance, therefore, it will be necessary to
3. Significance and Use
determine which evaluations should be made to fulfill the
3.1 The test methods presented herein are intended to
objectives.
providebothafactualandcomparativemeansofappraisingthe
suitability of finish flooring. The procedures developed simu-
4. Test Specimens
late some conditions of use that may require either mainte-
4.1 The number of specimens to be chosen for test and the
nance beyond that considered normal or replacement of the
method of their selection depend on the variability of the finish
floor surface material.
flooring material and on the purpose of the particular tests
under consideration, so no general rule can be given to cover
all instances. It is recommended that, whenever possible,
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
sufficient replications be made to establish reliable mean
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
values. Even for the most simple evaluation, a replication of
Test Methods and Properties.
three tests for each property is recommended.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2394 – 83 (1999).
5. Control of Moisture Content and Temperature
DOI: 10.1520/D2394-05E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Wood and wood-base materials are hygroscopic. The
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
moisture content at time of test will influence values obtained
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. from tests. Therefore, material for test shall be conditioned to
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D2394–05
essentially constant weight at a condition of 65 6 1 % relative
humidity and a temperature of 68 6 6°F (20 6 3°C) (Note 1
and Note 2). If there is any departure from this recommended
condition, it shall be so stated in the report. No tests shall be
made on any material when it is not essentially stable in
moisture content.
NOTE 1—In following the recommendation that the temperature be
controlled to 68 6 6°F (20 6 3°C) it should be understood that it is
desirable to maintain the temperature as nearly constant as possible at
some temperature within this range.
NOTE 2—Requirements for temperatur
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2394–83 (Reapproved 1999)
e1
Standard Methods for Designation:D2394–05
Standard Test Methods for
Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Base Finish
1
Flooring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in Section 32 and Section 33 in March 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring the performance of finish flooring under the following service loadings
and conditions:
Section
Loading Tests
Concentrated Loading 7
Floor Surface Indentation from Small Area Loads 12
Falling-Ball Indentation 18
Rolling Load 23
Mechanical Tests
Abrasion Resistance 28
Coefficient of Friction 33
Moisture Tests
Surface Wetting 38
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
E 72 Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The test methods presented herein are intended to provide both a factual and comparative means of appraising the suitability
of finish flooring. The procedures developed simulate some conditions of use that may require either maintenance beyond that
considered normal or replacement of the floor surface material.
3.2 It is important for some of the evaluations that the substrate to be used beneath the finish flooring be duplicated because
the kindtype and degree of support will have a direct influence on the value obtained from test. For example, in some present-day
construction, low-density materials are used for sound-deadening immediately below the finish flooring. The way this substrate
distributes loading and absorbs energy will have an influence on evaluations such as those in rolling and concentrated loads.
3.3 The test methods presented herein may be used to compare different finish floorings as to their resistance to severe and
ordinary service loads and also may serve as the means to set specification limits. The properties obtained by these test methods
are needed in addition to such basic material properties as stiffness, strength, hardness, and dimensional stability.
3.4 Not all test may be required for any specific investigation. There may be an interrelation between two tests, and when it has
beendemonstrated whattheinterrelationis,acompleteevaluationwillonlyberequiredasafinalstageofastudy.Ineachinstance,
1
These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods
and Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 25, 1983. Published April 1983. Originally published as D2394–65T. Last previous edition D2394–69(1977).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on FundamentalTest Methods
and Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 2394 – 83 (1999).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D2394–05
therefore, it will be necessary to determine which evaluations should be made to fulfill the objectives.
4. Test Specimens
4.1 The number of specimens to be chosen for test and the method of their selection depend on the variability of the finish
flooring material and on the purpose of the particular tests under consideration, so no general rule can be given to cover all
instances. It is recommended that, whenever possible, sufficient replications be made to establish reliable mean values. Even for
the most simple evaluation, a replication of three tests for each property is recommended.
5. Control of Moisture Content and Temperature
5.1 Wood and wood-base materials are hygroscopic. The moisture content at time of test will influence values obta
...