ASTM E1445-98

Standard Terminology Relating to Hazardous Potential of Chemicals

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology used in the area of hazard potential of chemicals. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 In the interest of common understanding and standardization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate the major barrier to effective technical communication.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-1998
• ICS: 01.040.71 - Chemical technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 71.060.01 - Inorganic chemicals in general
• ICS: 71.080.01 - Organic chemicals in general
• Technical Committee: E27 - Hazard Potential of Chemicals
• Drafting Committee: E27.01 - Editorial and Nomenclature

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1445-02 - Standard Terminology Relating to Hazardous Potential of Chemicals
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

STD.ASTM El,‘iLI5-ENGL I,798 D L37575LO Ob3b-183 b03 -
Designation: E 1445 - 98
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Ban Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken. PA 19428
ab
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Term.inology Relating to
Hazardous Potential of Chemicals’
1. scope reaction were to be absorbed by the sample itself. High
values represent high hazard potential.
(E 1231)
1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology used in
anvil, n-the smooth, hardened surface upon which the test
the area of hazard potential of chemicals. Terms that are
sample or cup containing the sample rests.
(E 680)
generally understood or adequately defined in other readily
Arrhenius equation-k = Ze-*= where k is the specific
available sources are not included.
reaction rate constant in reciprocal minutes for first order, 2
1.2 In the interest of common understanding and standard-
is the pre-exponential factor in reciprocal minutes, E is the
ization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate
Arrhenius activation energy in J/mol, R is the gas constant,
the major barrier to effective technical communication.
8.32 J/mol K, and T is the temperature in kelvin. (R 698)
2. Referenced Documents autoignition, n-the ignition of a material commonly in air as
the result of heat liberation due to an exotherrnic oxidation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reaction in the absence of an external ignition source such as
E 476 Test Method for Thermal Instability of Confined
a spark or flame.
(E 65%
Condensed Phase Systems (Confimement Test)2
autoignition temperature, n-the minimum temperature at
E 487 Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability of
which autoignition occurs under the specified conditions of
Chemical Materials2
test.
E 537 Test Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability of (E f-1
Chemicals by Methods of Thermal Analysis2
Discussion-Autoignition temperature is also referred to as sponta-
E 659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
neous ignition temperature, self-ignition temperature, autogenous igni-
Chemicals2 tion temperature, and by the acronyms AIT and SIT. AlT is the lowest
temperature at which the substance will produce hot-flame ignition in
E 680 Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of
air at atmospheric pressure without the aid of an external energy source
Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials’
such as spark or flame. It is the lowest temperature to which a
E 681 Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammabil-
combustible mixture must be raised, so that the rate of heat evolved by
ity of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)2
the exothermic oxidation reaction will over-balance the rate at which
E 698 Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic Constants for
heat is lost to the surroundings and cause ignition.
Thermally Unstable Materials2
constant-temperature stability (CTS) value-the maximum
E 771 Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Tendency of
temperature at which a chemical compound or mixture may
Materials2
be held for a 2-h period under the conditions of the test
E 918 Practice for Determining Limits of Flammability of
without exhibiting a measurable exothermic reaction.
Chemicals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure2
(E 487)
E 1226 Test Method for Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise
cool-flame, n-a faint, pale blue luminescence or flame
for Combustible Dusts2
occurring below the autoignition temperature (AIT). (E 659)
E 1231 Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential
Figures-of-Merit for Thermally Unstable Materials2
Discussion-Cool-flames occur in rich vapor-air mixtures of most
E 1232 Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammabil- hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons. They are the first part of
the multistage ignition process.
ity of Chemicals2
critical half thickness, (a), n-an estimation of the half
3. Terminology
thickness of a sample in an unstirred container, in which the
3.1 Dejinitions:
heat losses to the environment are less than the retained heat.
This buildup of internal temperature leads to a thermal-
adiabatic decomposition temperature rise, (T)d, n-an esti-
runaway reaction.
(E 1231)
mation of the computed temperature which a specimen
critical temperature, (T,), n-an estimation of the lowest
would attain if all of the enthalpy (heat) of decomposition
temperature of an unstirred container at which the heat
losses to the environment are less than the retained heat
’ This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-27 on Hazard
leading to a buildup of internal temperature. This tempera-
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.01 on
ture buildup leads to a thermal-runaway reaction. (E 1231)
DUStS.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
Discussion-This description assumes perfect heat removal at the
published as E 1445 - 91. Last previous edition E 1445 - 91.
reaction bound
...