iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E997-11

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods

Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Glass specimens to be tested shall be mounted in a standard test frame with four sides supported, or in a test frame designed to represent specific glazing conditions.
A standard test frame shall be used when it is desired to evaluate the probability of breakage of glass specimens with edge support conditions held constant.
A test frame designed to represent a specific glazing condition shall be used when it is desired to evaluate the probability of breakage of glass specimens in the specified glazing system.
Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. Any load (wind, snow, etc.) that can be transformed into a 60-s duration equivalent uniform design load can be considered. Load transformation techniques are addressed in the literature (1, 2, 3).  
The strength of glass varies with many different factors including surface condition, load duration, geometry, relative humidity, and temperature (4). A thorough understanding of those strength variations is required to interpret results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a procedure to determine if the probability of breakage of glass specimens tested is significantly greater than, significantly less than, or not significantly different than the specified probability of breakage when exposed to a specified design load. It is not intended to be a design standard for determining the load resistance of glass. Practice E1300 shall be used for this purpose.
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of recommended glazing practices.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Nov-2011
ICS
81.040.20 - Glass in building
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E997-01(2009) - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Replaced By
ASTM E997-12 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1886-19 - Standard Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM E3223/E3223M-20 - Standard Guide for Specifying and Testing Field-Constructed Exterior Building Wall System Mockups in New Construction
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1487-19 - Standard Guide for Remedying Structural Silicone Glazing
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM E330/E330M-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM E1233/E1233M-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Air Pressure Differential
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM F1642/F1642M-17 - Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011

Buy Standard

ASTM E997-11 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive MethodsASTM E997-11 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E997-11 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
English language
9 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM E997-11 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive MethodsREDLINE ASTM E997-11 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM E997-11 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
English language
9 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E997 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows,
Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform
1
Static Loads by Destructive Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method is a procedure to determine if the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
probability of breakage of glass specimens tested is signifi- E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass
cantly greater than, significantly less than, or not significantly in Buildings
different than the specified probability of breakage when
3. Terminology
exposed to a specified design load. It is not intended to be a
3.1 Definitions:
design standard for determining the load resistance of glass.
Practice E1300 shall be used for this purpose. 3.1.1 coeffıcient of variation, n—ratioofthestandarddevia-
tion of the breakage load to the mean breakage load.
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to
select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine 3.1.2 equivalent design load, n—the specified uniform de-
sign load converted to specified duration (see 4.2).
the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate
statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may 3.1.3 glass specimen, n—theglasstobetested,forexample,
a single pane, an insulating glass unit, laminated glass, etc.
be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or
a test frame of the user’s design. (does not include test frame).
3.1.4 glass specimen breakage, n—the fracture or cracking
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of
the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of any glass component of a glass specimen.
3.1.5 negative load, n—an outward-acting load that results
of recommended glazing practices.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded in the indoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure
as standard. side.
3.1.6 positive load, n—an inward-acting load that results in
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the outdoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure
side.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.7 probability of breakage, n—theprobabilitythataglass
specimen will break when tested at a given load. General
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 7. industry practice is to express the probability of breakage as
lites per 1000 lites.
3.1.8 proof load, n—a magnitude of uniform load at which
glass specimens shall be tested.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of E06.51 on Performance
2
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E997–01(2009). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E0997-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E997 – 11
3.1.9 proof load factor, a, n—the constant which, when affected by the velocity of the air supply to or from the test
multiplied by the design load, determines the proof load. chamber or any air movement.The air supply opening into the
3.1.10 specifying authority, n—professional(s) responsible test chamber shall be arranged so that the air does not impinge
fordeterminingandfurnishinginformationrequiredtoperform directly on the glass specimen with any significant velocity.A
the test. means of access into the test chamber may be provided to
facilitate adjustments and observations after the specimen has
4. Summary of Test Method
been installed.
4.1 This test method consists of individually glazing glass
6.2.3 Air System, a controllable blower, compressed air
specimens in a test frame that is mounted into or against one
supply, exhaust system, reversible blower, or other device
face of a test chamber and supplying air to, or exhausting air
designed to apply the proof
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E997–01(Reapproved2009) Designation: E997 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows,
Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform
1
Static Loads by Destructive Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a procedure to determine if the probability of breakage of glass specimens tested is significantly greater
than, significantly less than, or not significantly different than the specified probability of breakage when exposed to a specified
60-sdurationequivalentdesignload.Itisnotintendedtobeadesignstandardfordeterminingtheloadresistanceofglass.Practice
E1300 shall be used for this purpose.
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to select and apply a 60-s duration proof load to glass specimens, to
determine the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate statistically the probability of breakage. This test method
may be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user’s design.
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of
recommended glazing practices.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of E06.51 on Performance ofWindows,
Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009.15, 2011. Published January 2010.December 2011. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20012009 as
E997–01(2009). DOI: 10.1520/E0997-01R09.10.1520/E0997-11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E997 – 11
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 coeffıcient of variation, n—ratio of the standard deviation of the breakage load to the mean breakage load.
3.1.2 equivalent design load, n—the specified uniform design load converted to a 60-sspecified duration (see 4.2).
3.1.3 glass specimen, n—the glass to be tested, for example, a single pane, an insulating glass unit, laminated glass, etc. (does
not include test frame).
3.1.4 glass specimen breakage, n—the fracture or cracking of any glass component of a glass specimen.
3.1.5 negative load, n—an outward-acting load that results in the indoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure side.
3.1.6 positive load, n—an inward-acting load that results in the outdoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure side.
3.1.7 probability of breakage, n—the probability that a glass specimen will break when tested at a given load. General industry
practice is to express the probability of breakage as lites per 1000 lites.
3.1.8 proof load, n—a magnitude of uniform load at which glass specimens shall be tested.
3.1.9 proof load factor, a, n—the constant which, when multiplied by the equivalent design load, determines the proof load.
3.1.10 specifying authority, n—professional(s) responsible for determining and furnishing information required to perform the
test.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of individually glazing glass specimens in a test frame that is mounted into or against one face
of a test chamber and supplying air to, or exhausting air from, the test chamber so that each glass specimen is exposed to a
60-sspecified duration proof load. Load-time records shall be kept for each glass specimen. Each glass specimen break shall be
recorded.
4.2 Aftertestingtherequirednumberofglassspecimens,itisdeterminediftheprobabilityofbreakageissignificantlylessthan,
significantly greater than, or not significantly different
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E2461-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Thickness of Glass in Airport Traffic Control Tower Cabs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard procedure facilitates determination of the thickness of a glass construction required to resist a specified design load with a selected probability of breakage.  
5.2 For optical purposes, ATCT cab glass typically utilize only annealed glass products. For this reason, some specifying authorities mandate its use and prohibit heat-strengthened and tempered glass in control cabs. This standard procedure therefore addresses the following glass constructions: annealed monolithic, annealed laminated, and insulating glass fabricated with annealed monolithic or annealed laminated glass, or both. In cases where the specifying authority approves the use of heat-strengthened or fully tempered glass in the control cab or in areas where optical characteristics do not apply but are deemed critical to the facility operation, the NFL values obtained from standard may be adjusted using appropriate Glass Type Factors (GTF) and procedures for their use as specified in Practice E1300.  
5.3 Use of these procedures assume:  
5.3.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properly glazed,  
5.3.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,  
5.3.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glass that has been in service for several years and is significantly weaker than freshly manufactured glass due to minor abrasions on exposed surfaces,  
5.3.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff to limit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to less than 1/175 of their lengths. The specified design load shall be used for this calculation, and  
5.3.5 The center of glass deflection shall not result in loss of edge support. Typically maintaining center of glass deflection at or below the magnitude of three times the nominal glass thickness assures that no loss of edge support will occur.  
5.4 Many other factors affect the selection of glass type and thickness. These factors include but are not limited to: thermal stresses, the effects of win...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the thickness of glass installed in airport traffic control towers (ATCT) to resist a specified design loading with a selected probability of breakage less than or equal to either 1 lite per 1000 or 4 lites per 1000 at the first occurrence of the design wind loading.  
1.2 The procedures apply to common outward sloping cab glass designs for which the specified loads do not exceed 15 kPa (313 psf).  
1.3 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an aspect ratio no greater than 3.  
1.4 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an area no less than 1.86 m2 (20 ft2).  
1.5 The use of the procedures assumes the following:  
1.5.1 Monolithic and laminated glass installed in ATCTs shall have continuous lateral support along two parallel edges, along any three edges, or along all four edges;  
1.5.2 Insulating glass shall have continuous lateral support along all four edges; and  
1.5.3 Supported glass edges are simply supported and free to slip in plane.  
1.6 The procedures do not apply to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, or glass types with surface treatments that reduce the glass strength.  
1.7 The procedures do not apply to drilled, notched, or grooved glass.  
1.8 The procedures address the determination of thickness and construction type to resist a specified design wind load at a selected probability of breakage. The final glass thickness and construction determined also depends upon a variety of other factors (see 5.4).  
1.9 These procedures do not address blast loading on glass.  
1.10 These procedures do not apply to triple-glazed insulating glass units.  
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, assoc...

  • Standard
    98 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    98 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2141-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Electrochromic Devices in Sealed Insulating Glass Units

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 EC glazings perform a number of important functions in a building envelope including: minimizing the solar energy heat gain; providing for passive solar energy gain; controlling a variable visual connection with the outside world; enhancing human comfort (heat gain), illumination, and glare control; and providing for architectural expression. It is therefore important to understand the relative serviceability of these glazings.  
4.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for evaluating the relative serviceability of EC Glazings as described in Section 1.  
4.3 The procedures in this test method include (a) rapid but realistic current-voltage cycling tests emphasizing the electrical properties, and (b) environmental test parameters that are typically used in weatherability tests by standards organizations and are realistic for the intended use of large-area EC IGUs.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the accelerated aging of electrochromic devices (ECD) integrated in insulating glass units.  
1.2 The test method is applicable for any electrochromic device incorporated into sealed insulating glass units (IGUs) fabricated for vision glass (superstrate and substrate) areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems. The layers used for constructing the EC device and electrochromically changing the optical properties may be inorganic or organic materials.  
1.3 The electrochromic (EC) glazings used in this test method are exposed to environmental conditions, including solar radiation. They are employed to control the amount of transmitted radiation by absorption and reflection and, thus, limit the solar heat gain and amount of solar radiation that is transmitted into the building.  
1.4 The test method is not applicable to other chromogenic devices, such as, photochromic and thermochromic devices which do not respond to electrical stimulus.  
1.5 The test method is not applicable to electrochromic (EC) glazings that are constructed from superstrate or substrate materials other than glass.  
1.6 The test method referenced herein is a laboratory test conducted under specified conditions. The test is intended to simulate and, in some cases, to also accelerate actual in-service use of the electrochromic glazing. Results from these tests cannot be used to predict the performance with time of in-service units unless actual corresponding in-service tests have been conducted and appropriate analyses have been conducted to show how performance can be predicted from the accelerated aging tests.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2751/E2751M-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Design and Performance of Supported Laminated Glass Walkways

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Glass is a brittle material with different time and temperature-dependent properties than other solid materials used as walkways surfaces. Therefore, the type of glass is an important consideration in the design and construction of glass treads and glass landings constructed with laminated glass.  
4.2 Post-breakage glass retention is an important consideration in the design of a glass walkway system as a means of minimizing tripping, cutting/piercing injuries, or fall-through or fallout of the glass.  
4.3 The structural design shall be confirmed by calculations by a licensed design professional in accordance with Section 5.  
4.4 If testing is required (see 4.4.1 – 4.4.3) to verify post-glass breakage behavior of the glass walkway, the testing shall be in accordance with Section 6.  
4.4.1 For laminates with two glass plies, verification testing is required.  
4.4.2 For laminates with more than two glass plies, verification testing is not required provided that calculations completed in accordance with 4.3 demonstrate that the glass assembly has sufficient strength to sustain the full design load with any one glass ply broken.  
4.4.3 When verifying post-breakage behavior by calculation, allowable glass stress for 10 min load duration in accordance with Table 1 shall be used for all load cases.  
4.5 The manufacturer or designer of glass walkway systems shall provide installation directions and fabrication and installation tolerances of their systems.  
4.6 The structural integrity of the glass walkway system after glass breakage shall be sufficient to support the design loads after any one glass ply is broken. If damage of any kind occurs, the walkway shall be cordoned off and the installation shall be inspected to ensure structural integrity and pedestrian safety of the system.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses elements related to load-bearing glass walkways, glass treads, and glass landings constructed with laminated glass. This standard includes performance, design, and safe behavior considerations. It addresses the characteristics unique to glass and laminated glass. Issues that are common to all walkways, such as slip resistance, are addressed in existing referenced standards.  
1.2 This practice does not address glass walkways constructed with monolithic glass, glass block, insulating glass units, glass tiles that are directly bonded to a non-glass structural substrate, or glass walkways intended to support vehicular traffic.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E997-15(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Glass specimens to be tested shall be mounted in a standard test frame with four sides supported, or in a test frame designed to represent specific glazing conditions.  
5.2 Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. Any design load (wind, snow, etc.) that can reasonably be applied to the test specimens or transformed into an equivalent uniform design load can be considered. Load transformation techniques are addressed in the literature (1, 2, 3).3  
5.3 The strength of glass varies with many different factors including surface condition, load duration, geometry, relative humidity, and temperature (4). A thorough understanding of those strength variations is required to interpret results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This proof load test method is a procedure to determine, with a 90 % confidence level, if the probability of breakage under design loads for a given population of glass specimens is less than a selected value. It is not intended to be a design standard for determining the load resistance of glass. Practice E1300 shall be used for this purpose.  
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.  
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of recommended glazing practices.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2353-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures to be followed in testing the performance of glazing in permanent railing systems, guards and balustrades including components such as rails and swing gates or other forms of required guardrail opening protection installed in and for assembly, commercial, educational, industrial, institutional, stadiums, recreational, and residential buildings and other structures such as towers or elevated platforms.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to such railing, guard, and balustrade systems having glass or other glazing materials as the major structural component or the infill panel including swing gates and other forms of guardrail protection.  
1.3 These test methods can be used to determine whether permanent rails, guards and balustrades including components, having glass or other glazing material comply with requirements of performance specifications, codes, norms, and standards.  
1.4 Specifically, these test methods cover procedures for determining the static strength, impact performance, and post-breakage characteristics of railing systems, guards, and balustrades, including a component with glass or other glazing material installed in one, two, three and four-side support systems fastened to concrete, masonry, wood, metal, and related products.  
1.5 No consideration is given in these test methods to any possible deterioration of the railing, guard, or balustrade system or their connections and fasteners as resulting from adverse environmental or in-service conditions. The performance of special tests covering this aspect may be desirable.  
1.6 These test methods are limited to the application of loads and impact resistance described herein. Whenever uniformly distributed loads are to be resisted by a railing system, guard, or balustrade in accordance with governing specifications, codes, norms, and standards, the effects of such loads on the member stresses shall be determined by calculation and the corresponding concentrated and linear loads shall be tested. Should computations make it possible to provide the needed information, testing can be employed for verification.  
1.7 These test methods address the capability of glass or other glazing material supported by rails, guards, or balustrades, or both, in one, two, three, and four-sided support systems to continue in their function as a barrier by remaining in the designed framing system after impact or glazing breakage. These test methods do not address structural limitation of glazed or glass rails, guards, and balustrades or vehicular guards except when in the area of a pedestrian walkway.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Certain values contained in reference documents cited and quoted herein may be stated in inch-pound units and must be converted by the user.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2431-12(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Resistance of Single Glazed Annealed Architectural Flat Glass to Thermal Loadings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of this practice assumes:  
5.1.1 the glass edges shall be free from damage,  
5.1.2 the glass shall be properly glazed,  
5.1.3 the glass shall not have been subjected to abuse, and  
5.1.4 the glass edge support allows in-plane movement of the glass due to thermal expansion and contraction.  
5.2 This practice does not address all factors that cause thermally induced stresses in annealed glass. Factors that are not addressed include: transient thermal stresses, HVAC registers, thermally insulating window coverings, drop ceilings and other heat traps, increased solar irradiance caused by exterior reflections, variations in heat transfer coefficients other than those assumed for the steady state analysis described herein, and stresses induced by thermal sources other than the sun. Factors other than those listed above may also induce thermal stress.  
5.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass selection. These factors include, but are not limited to, mechanically induced stresses, wind effects, windborne debris impacts, excessive deflections, seismic effects, heat flow, noise abatement, potential post-breakage consequences, and so forth. In addition, considerations set forth in building codes along with criteria presented in safety glazing standards and site specific concerns may control the ultimate glass type and thickness selection.  
5.4 The proper use of this practice is intended to reduce the risk of thermally induced breakage of annealed window glass in buildings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure to determine the resistance of annealed architectural flat glass to thermally induced stresses caused by exposure to sun and shadows for a specified probability of breakage (Pb). Proper use of this procedure is intended to reduce the possibility of thermal breakage of annealed glass in buildings.  
1.2 This practice applies to vertical or sloped glazing in buildings.  
1.3 This practice applies to monolithic and laminated glass of rectangular shape and assumes that all glass edges are simply supported.  
1.4 This practice applies only to annealed flat soda-lime silica glass with clean cut, seamed, flat ground, or ground and polished edges that are free from damage. The glass may be clear or tinted as well as coated (not including coatings that reduce emissivity of the glass).  
1.5 This practice does not apply to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, drilled, notched, or grooved glass or glass with surface and edge treatments, other than those described in 1.4, that alter the glass strength.  
1.6 This practice does not address uniform loads such as wind and snow loads, safety requirements, fire, or impact resistance.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. For conversion of quantities in various systems of measurements to SI units, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2953-14(2020)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Evaluating Accelerated Aging Performance of Electrochromic Devices in Sealed Insulating Glass Units

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to all electrochromic (EC) glass whose visible light transmittance or near infrared light transmittance properties, or both, can be changed reversibly by the application or removal of an electrical voltage. It covers absorptive and reflective EC devices in preassembled permanently sealed insulting glass units with one or more cavities in which at least one lite contains an EC device (which may be in the form of a laminated lite or a single pane with coatings applied). This specification is also valid for EC devices in preassembled insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open, but not for other types of dynamic glass which do not solely require an electrical stimulus to change light transmittance such as photochromic and thermochromic glazings and hybrid active/passive chromogenics. This specification is applicable only to sealed insulating glass units that are constructed with glass and fabricated for vision glass areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is applicable to all electrochromic (EC) glass whose visible light transmittance or near infrared light transmittance properties, or both, can be changed reversibly by the application or removal of an electrical voltage. This includes absorptive and reflective EC devices.  
1.2 This specification does not apply to other types of dynamic glass which do not solely require an electrical stimulus to change light transmittance such as photochromic and thermochromic glazings and hybrid active/passive chromogenics.  
1.3 This specification covers electrochromic devices in preassembled permanently sealed insulting glass units with one or more cavities in which at least one lite contains an EC device (which may be in the form of a laminated lite or a single pane with coatings applied). This specification is also applicable to EC devices in preassembled insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open. As such this specification also requires conformance to Specification E2190.  
1.4 This specification is applicable only to sealed insulating glass units that are constructed with glass and fabricated for vision glass areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems.  
1.5 Qualification under this specification is intended to provide a basis for evaluating the aging performance of electrochromic devices in sealed insulating glass units.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E998-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Architectural Glass Products Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a general procedure for testing architectural glass products under uniform static loads.  
5.2 Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. An understanding of wind loads on the building is required for selection of test loads and interpretation of results with respect to expected exposure at a particular site.  
5.3 A thorough understanding of the variations of the strength of glass and the nature of loading is required to interpret results of this test method.  
5.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure, deflection, and strain measurement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a general test procedure for load tests of glass subjected to uniform static loads. It is applicable for test protocols involving specified loads, load durations, and loading rates.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to architectural flat glass of various types; for example, annealed, heat-strengthened, fully tempered, laminated, insulating, and combinations thereof.  
1.3 This test method describes a process of applying specific test loads to glass. The test may be conducted using a standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3119-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Environmentally Controlled Dynamic Glazing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 ECDG perform a number of important functions in a building envelope including: reducing the solar energy heat gain; providing a variable visual connection with the outside world; enhancing human comfort (heat gain), security, illumination, and glare control; providing for architectural expression, and (possibly) improving acoustical performance. It is therefore important to understand the relative serviceability of these glazings.  
4.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for assessing the relative serviceability of ECDGs, as described in Section 1.  
4.3 The test method is intended to simulate in-service use and accelerate aging of the environmentally controlled dynamic glazings.  
4.4 Results from these tests cannot be used to predict the performance over time of in-service units unless actual corresponding in-service tests have been conducted and appropriate analyses have been conducted to show how performance can be predicted from the accelerated aging tests.  
4.5 The procedure in this test method includes environmental test parameters that are typically used in weatherability tests by standards organizations and are realistic for the intended use of large-area ECDG units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the accelerated aging and monitoring of the time-dependent performance of environmentally controlled dynamic glazings such as thermochromic (TC) thermotropic, photochromic glazings. and combinations thereof.  
1.2 The test method is applicable only for environmentally controlled dynamic glazings. These glazings may be either monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, or sealed insulating glass units fabricated for use in buildings, such as exterior doors, windows, skylights, and wall systems.  
1.3 During use, the environmentally controlled dynamic glazings tested according to this method are exposed to environmental conditions, including solar radiation and are employed to control the amount of transmitted radiation by absorption and reflection and thus, limit the amount of solar radiation that is transmitted into a building.  
1.4 The test method is not applicable to electronically controlled chromogenic devices, such as electrochromic devices.  
1.5 The test method is not applicable to environmentally controlled dynamic glazings that are constructed from superstrate or substrate materials other than glass.  
1.6 The test method referenced herein is a laboratory test conducted under specified conditions.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3120-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Evaluating Accelerated Aging Performance of Environmentally Controlled Dynamic Glazings

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a basis for evaluating the accelerated aging performance of environmentally controlled dynamic glazings (ECDG) in monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, or pre-assembled, permanently sealed insulating glass units that are constructed with glass and fabricated for vision glass areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems. ECDG is the glazing material installed in a prepared opening of a building whose visible light transmittance or near infrared light transmittance properties, or both, can be changed reversibly by exposure to changing environmental conditions such as temperature and sunlight intensity. This specification also covers ECDG devices in pre-assembled insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open, but does not apply to other types of dynamic glazing which require an electrical stimulus to change light transmittance, such as electrochromic glazings.
This specification prescribes the performance requirements and test methods for ECDG, as well as specimen preparation, qualification, and reporting requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is applicable to environmentally controlled dynamic glazings (ECDG) whose visible light transmittance or near infrared light transmittance properties, or both, can be changed reversibly by exposure to changing environmental conditions such as temperature and sunlight intensity. This includes thermochromic and thermotropic glazing, but currently excludes photochromic glazings as neither Test Method E3119 nor this specification provide a procedure to access multiple states of photochromic glazing specimens.  
1.2 This specification does not apply to other types of dynamic glazing which require an electrical stimulus to change light transmittance, such as electrochromic glazings.  
1.3 This specification covers environmentally controlled dynamic glazing (ECDG) in monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, or pre-assembled, permanently sealed insulating glass units with one or more cavities in which at least one lite is an ECDG (which may be in the form of a laminated lite or a single pane with coatings or film applied). This specification is also applicable to ECDG devices in pre-assembled insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open. As applicable, this specification also requires conformance to Specification E2190.  
1.4 This specification is applicable only to monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, and sealed insulating glass units that are constructed with glass and fabricated for vision glass areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems.  
1.5 Qualification under this specification is intended to provide a basis for evaluating the aging performance of environmentally controlled dynamic glazing in monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, and sealed insulating glass units.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off