ASTM E997-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Glass specimens to be tested shall be mounted in a standard test frame with four sides supported, or in a test frame designed to represent specific glazing conditions.
A standard test frame shall be used when it is desired to evaluate the probability of breakage of glass specimens with edge support conditions held constant.
A test frame designed to represent a specific glazing condition shall be used when it is desired to evaluate the probability of breakage of glass specimens in the specified glazing system.
Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. Any load (wind, snow, etc.) that can be transformed into a specific duration equivalent uniform design load can be considered. Load transformation techniques are addressed in the literature (1, 2, 3).
The strength of glass varies with many different factors including surface condition, load duration, geometry, relative humidity, and temperature (4). A thorough understanding of those strength variations is required to interpret results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a procedure to determine if the probability of breakage of glass specimens tested is significantly greater than, significantly less than, or not significantly different than the specified probability of breakage when exposed to a specified design load. It is not intended to be a design standard for determining the load resistance of glass. Practice E1300 shall be used for this purpose.
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of recommended glazing practices.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation:E997 −12
StandardTest Method for
Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows,
Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform
1
Static Loads by Destructive Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1300PracticeforDeterminingLoadResistanceofGlassin
Buildings
1.1 This test method is a procedure to determine if the
probability of breakage of glass specimens tested is signifi-
3. Terminology
cantly greater than, significantly less than, or not significantly
3.1 Definitions:
different than the specified probability of breakage when
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building
exposed to a specified design load. It is not intended to be a
construction used in this test method refer to Terminology
design standard for determining the load resistance of glass.
E631.
Practice E1300 shall be used for this purpose.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to
3.2.1 coeffıcient of variation, n—ratio of the standard devia-
select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine
tion of the breakage load to the mean breakage load.
the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate
3.2.2 equivalent design load, n—the specified uniform de-
statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may
sign load converted to specified duration (see 4.2).
be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or
3.2.3 glass specimen, n—theglasstobetested,forexample,
a test frame of the user’s design.
a single pane, an insulating glass unit, laminated glass, etc.
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of
(does not include test frame).
the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding
3.2.4 glass specimen breakage, n—the fracture or cracking
of recommended glazing practices.
of any glass component of a glass specimen.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.5 negative load, n—an outward-acting load that results
as standard.
in the indoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
side.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.6 positive load, n—an inward-acting load that results in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the outdoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
side.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.2.7 probability of breakage, n—theprobabilitythataglass
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
specimen will break when tested at a given load. General
industry practice is to express the probability of breakage as
2. Referenced Documents
lites per 1000 lites.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.8 proof load, n—a magnitude of uniform load at which
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
glass specimens shall be tested.
3.2.9 proof load factor, a, n—the constant which, when
multiplied by the design load, determines the proof load.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of E06.51 on Performance
3.2.10 specifying authority, n—professional(s) responsible
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
fordeterminingandfurnishinginformationrequiredtoperform
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
the test.
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E997–11. DOI:
10.1520/E0997-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4. Summary of Test Method
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 This test method consists of individually glazing glass
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specimens in a test frame that is mounted into or against one
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E997−12
face of a test chamber and supplying air to, or exhausting air 6.2.3 Air System, a controllable blower, compressed air
from, the test chamber so that each glass specimen is exposed supply, exhaust system, reversible blower, or other device
to a specified duration proof load. Load-time records shall be designed to apply the proof load to the glass specimen with
kept for each glass specimen. Eac
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E997–11 Designation: E997 – 12
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows,
Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform
1
Static Loads by Destructive Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a procedure to determine if the probability of breakage of glass specimens tested is significantly greater
than, significantly less than, or not significantly different than the specified probability of breakage when exposed to a specified
design load. It is not intended to be a design standard for determining the load resistance of glass. Practice E1300 shall be used
for this purpose.
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine the
numberofglassspecimenstobetested,andtoevaluatestatisticallytheprobabilityofbreakage.Thistestmethodmaybeconducted
using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user’s design.
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of
recommended glazing practices.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of E06.51 on Performance ofWindows,
Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Nov.April 15, 2011.2012. Published December 2011.May 2012. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
E997–01(2009).E997–11. DOI: 10.1520/E0997-112.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E997 – 12
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this test method refer to Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 coeffıcient of variation, n—ratio of the standard deviation of the breakage load to the mean breakage load.
3.1.2
3.2.2 equivalent design load, n—the specified uniform design load converted to specified duration (see 4.2).
3.1.3
3.2.3 glass specimen, n—the glass to be tested, for example, a single pane, an insulating glass unit, laminated glass, etc. (does
not include test frame).
3.1.4
3.2.4 glass specimen breakage, n—the fracture or cracking of any glass component of a glass specimen.
3.1.5
3.2.5 negative load, n—an outward-acting load that results in the indoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure side.
3.1.6
3.2.6 positive load, n—an inward-acting load that results in the outdoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure side.
3.1.7
3.2.7 probability of breakage, n—the probability that a glass specimen will break when tested at a given load. General industry
practice is to express the probability of breakage as lites per 1000 lites.
3.1.8
3.2.8 proof load, n—a magnitude of uniform load at which glass specimens shall be tested.
3.1.9
3.2.9 proof load factor, a, n—the constant which, when multiplied by the design load, determines the proof load.
3.1.10
3.2.10 specifying authority, n—professional(s) responsible for determining and furnishing information required to perform the
test.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of individually glazing glass specimens in a test frame that is mounted into or against one face
ofatestchamberandsupplyingairto,orexhaustingairfrom,thetestchambersothateachglassspecimenisexposedtoaspecified
duration proof load. Load-time records shall be kept for each glass specimen. Each glass specimen break shall be recorded.
4.2 After
...
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