ASTM D4687-14(2022)

Standard Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.  
3.2 For purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the user has knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety hazards.  
3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or wastes when safety hazards are unknown. In such cases, the user shall use other more appropriate procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are common to most waste sampling situations.  
1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as follows:    
Section  
Safety plans  
4  
Sampling plans  
5  
Quality assurance considerations  
6  
General sampling considerations  
7  
Preservation and containerization  
8  
Cleaning equipment  
9  
Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures  
10  
Chain-of-custody procedure  
11  
1.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures for these aspects, nor does it serve as a guide to any specific application. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the procedures used are proper and adequate.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and Section 4.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2022
• ICS: 13.030.10 - Solid wastes
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.01 - Planning for Sampling

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4687 − 14 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
1
General Planning of Waste Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The analysis and testing of solid waste requires collection of adequately sized, representative
samples. Wastes are found in various locations and physical states. Therefore, each sampling routine
shall be tailored to fit the waste and situation. Wastes often occur as nonhomogeneous mixtures in
stratified layers or as poorly mixed conglomerations. For example, wastes are commonly stored or
disposedofinsurfaceimpoundmentswithstratifiedorlayeredsludgescoveredbypondedwastewater.
In these situations, the collector may be faced with sampling the wastewater, the sludge, and some
depth of soil beneath the sludges. Collecting representative samples in these situations requires a
carefully assessed, well-planned, and well-executed sampling routine.
1. Scope mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and
1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and
Section 4.
planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
common to most waste sampling situations.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
follows:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Section
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Safety plans 4
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Sampling plans 5
Quality assurance considerations 6
General sampling considerations 7
2. Referenced Documents
Preservation and containerization 8
2
Cleaning equipment 9 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures 10
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
Chain-of-custody procedure 11
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling
Lot or Process
proceduresfortheseaspects,nordoesitserveasaguidetoany
2.2 Other Document:
specificapplication.Itistheresponsibilityoftheusertoensure
EPA-SW-846Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
that the procedures used are proper and adequate.
3
Physical/Chemical Methods
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
3. Significance and Use
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and
information only and are not considered standard.
provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Planning for Sampling. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4687–14. DOI: Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Printing Office,
10.1520/D4687-14R22. Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4687 − 14 (2022)
3.2 Forpurposesofthisguide,itisassumedthattheuserhas 4.2.2 The level of protection selected should be based
knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety primarily on the following:
hazards. 4.2.2.1 Type(s)andmeasuredconcentration(s)ofthechemi-
calsubstance(s)intheambientatmosphereanditstoxicity,and
3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or
4.
...