ASTM D2097-00

Standard Test Method for Flex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility and adhesion of a finish on upholstery leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2000
• ICS: 59.140.35 - Leather products
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.05 - Upholstery

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2097-03 - Standard Test Method for Flex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3690-19 - Standard Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated and Urethane-Coated Upholstery Fabrics—Indoor
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2097 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Flex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2097; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope research, development, and manufacturing control. It is used as
a method of test for specification acceptance. Since this is a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flex-
subjective test, proper correlation should be established by
ibility and adhesion of a finish on upholstery leather. This test
interlaboratory experience prior to use for specification accep-
method does not apply to wet blue.
tance.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
5. Apparatus
information only.
5.1 Newark Flexing Machine—This machine, illustrated in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fig. 1, consists basically of two pistons, one of which is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stationary, the other capable of moving at 500 rpm with a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
stroke of 1 ⁄4 in. (32 mm). The movable piston is also
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
adjustable on its shaft in order to vary the distance between the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
two pistons.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Test Specimen
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 The test specimen shall be 3 by 4 ⁄2 in. (76 by 114 mm)
D 1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather
3 in size.
Products for Testing
7. Conditioning
3. Summary of Test Method
7.1 Bring all test specimens to equilibrium as described in
3.1 The leather is mechanically flexed alternately from a flat
Practice D 1610. Usually, maintaining the specimen for 24 h
position into a single or double bend. At the end of a
under these conditions will adequately satisfy the equilibrium
predetermined number of flexing cycles, the leather is visually
conditions.
inspected for finish cracks.
7.2 The test shall also be conducted under the above
4. Significance and Use conditions, described in Practice D 1610.
4.1 This test method simulates the flexing received by
8. Procedure
upholstery leather in service, and correlation with service is
8.1 Measure the thickness of the specimen to be tested.
believed to be good. Both the resistance of the finish to
8.2 While in the closed position, adjust the pistons to fifteen
cracking and adhesion of the finish to the leather can be
times the thickness of the specimen (see Fig. 2).
evaluated.
8.3 Turn the pulley by hand until the pistons are the
4.2 The flexing action received by the leather in this method
maximum distance apart. Clamp the specimen around the two
is more severe than that given by methods for shoe upper
pistons without stretching the specimen.
leather. The less severe tests have little utility in the evaluation
8.4 Complete the first cycle by turning the pulley by hand
of upholstery leather finishes.
and forcing the specimen into its flexing pattern (Fig. 3 and
4.3 This test method is suitable, and has been useful, in
Note 1).
NOTE 1—The flexing pattern is achieved as follows: Facing the center
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather
front of the specimen, squeeze the sides of the cylindrical specimen with
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.04 on Apparel and Upholstery.
the thumb and middle finger and then force the center inward with the
This test method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists
index finger, while the pistons are closed.
Assn.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally
8.5 Turn on the power and the specimen will follow this
published as D 2097–62. Last previous edition D 2097–95.
Several methods of evaluating the resistance of an upholstery leather finish to
flexing have been investigated. The method, as described here, has been adopted as
standard by the Upholstery Leather Group, Tanners’ Council of America. A machine meeting the requirements of this method is available commercially
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version
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