ASTM B212-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the apparent density of free-flowing metal powders, and mixed powders; and is suitable for only those powders that will flow unaided through the specified Hall Flowmeter funnel.
1.2 With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimeter units is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B212 − 12
StandardTest Method for
Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the
1
Hall Flowmeter Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining 4.1 Avolumeofpowderispermittedtoflowintoacontainer
the apparent density of free-flowing metal powders, and mixed of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of
powders; and is suitable for only those powders that will flow powder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent
unaided through the specified Hall Flowmeter funnel. density, Hall (AD ).
H
1.2 With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and
5. Significance and Use
density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimeter
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an
units is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in
important physical characteristic of a powder known as the
inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values
apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume
that are provided for information only and are not considered
die cavity.The degree of correlation between the results of this
standard.
test and the performance of powders during use may vary with
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the tempera-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ture of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the powder.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
3
6.1 Powder Flowmeter Funnel —A Hall Flowmeter funnel
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(Fig. 1) having a calibrated orifice.
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
3
6.2 Density Cup —Acylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
3
nominal capacity of 25 cm . The actual cup volume shall be
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Den-
determined according to Test Method B873.
sity Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B 417
3
6.3 Stand —A stand (Fig. 1) to support the Hall Flowmeter
3. Terminology
funnel concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the
Hall Flowmeter funnel orifice is approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
above the top of the density cup when the apparatus is
method, see Terminology B243. Additional descriptive PM
assembled as shown in Fig. 1.
information is available in the Related Materials section of Vol
02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
6.4 Workbench—A level, vibration-free table or workbench
to support the powder flowmeter stand
6.5 Balance—A balance, readable to 0.001 g, having a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
capacity of at least 200 g capable of determining the mass to
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
the nearest 0.01 g.
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B212 – 09 . DOI:
3
10.1520/B0212-12. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or isACuPowder International, LLC, 901 LehighAve., Union, NJ 07083-7632. If you
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
1
the ASTM website. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B212 − 12
FIG. 1 Flowmeter Apparatus — Hall Funnel
3
FIG.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B212–09 Designation:B212–12
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the
1
Hall Flowmeter Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the apparent density of free-flowing metal powders, and mixed
powders; and is suitable for only those powders that will flow unaided through the specified Hall Flowmeter funnel.
3
1.2With the exception of density values, for which the g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in SI units are to
be regarded as the standard. Values in inch-pound units are shown in parentheses and result from conversion in accordance with
IEEE/ASTM Standard SI 10. They may be approximate and are only for information.
1.2 With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimeter units
is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B 417
2
2.2 IEEE/ASTM Standard:
SI 10American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology B243. Additional descriptive PM
information is available in the Related Materials section of Vol 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A volume of powder is permitted to flow into a container of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of
powder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent density, Hall (AD ).
H
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent
density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The
degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular
application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder
mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Nov.April 1, 2009.2012. Published January 2010.September 2012. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20062009 as
B212–99(2006)B212 – 09 . DOI: 10.1520/B0212-09.10.1520/B0212-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B212–12
6. Apparatus
3
6.1 Powder Flowmeter Funnel —A Hall Flowmeter funnel (Fig. 1) having a calibrated orifice.
3
3
6.2 Density Cup —A cylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a nominal capacity of 25 cm . The actual cup volume shall be
determined according to Test Method B873.
3
6.3 Stand —Astand (Fig. 1) to support the Hall Flowmeter funnel concentric with the density cup so that the b
...
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