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ASTM D5119-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine

SCOPE
1.1 This engine oil test method covers the evaluation of automotive engine oils (SAE grades 5W 10W, 20, 30, 40, and 50, and multiviscosity grades) intended for use in either spark-ignition gasoline engines, or in diesel engines. The test procedure is conducted using a carbureted, spark-ignition Cooperative Lubrication Research (CLR) Oil Test Engine (referred to as the L-38 engine in this test method). An oil is evaluated for protection against engine and oil deterioration under high-temperature, heavy-duty service conditions. The test method can also be used to evaluate the viscosity stability of multiviscosity-graded oils.
1.2 The two measures of engine deterioration used in this test method are (1) weight loss of copper-lead bearings used in the test power section, and (2) varnish and sludge deposits on power section parts.
1.3 The two measures of oil deterioration used in this test method are (1) the change in the acid number of the oil, and (2) the change in the viscosity of the oil during the test period.
1.4 Correlation of test results with those obtained in automotive service has not been established. Furthermore, the results obtained in this test method are not necessarily indicative of results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine, or in an engine operated under conditions different from those of the test method. The test can be used to compare one oil with another.
Note 1--Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements include the following current versions of single-cylinder and multicylinder engine tests:
ASTM STP 509A, Single Cylinder Engine Tests for Evaluating the Performance of Crankcase Lubricants  
Part I, Caterpillar 1G2 Test Method
Part II, Caterpillar 1H2 Test Method
ASTM STP 315H, Multicylinder Test Sequences for Evaluating Engine Oils
Part 1, Sequence IID
Part 2, Sequence IIID
Part 3, Sequence V-D
ASTM Research Report RR:D2-1225 Sequence IIIE, Multicylinder Test Sequence for Evaluating Automotive Engine Oils
ASTM D02 Proposal P212, Proposed Test Method for VE Test Procedure
Also, see Engine Oil Tests-SAE J304 for details on these and other engine oil test methods.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard; except for the case of bearing weight measurements, for which the unit is milligram; and except for viscosity measurements, for which the temperatures of measurement are expressed in oC (degrees Celsius). SI values are given in parentheses. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.
1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Note 2.
1.6 This test method is arranged as follows: SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Test Method4Significance and Use5Apparatus6Laboratory Equipment Corporation6.1Fabricated or Specially Prepared Items6.2Instruments and Controls6.3Procurement of Parts6.4Reagents and Materials7Test Oil Sample Requirements8Preparation of Apparatus9Test Stand Preparation9.1Conditioning Test Run on Power Section9.2General Power Section Rebuild Instructions9.3Reconditioning of Power Section After Each Test9.4Calibration10Power Section and Test Stand Calibration10.1Instrumentation Calibration10.2Engine Operating Procedure11Run-In and Flush11.1Intermediate Bearing Weight Loss Checks11.2Test Operating Conditions11.3Warm-up Schedule11.4Air-Fuel Ratio and Spark Advance11.5Off-Gas and Blowby Measurement11.6Shutdown and Oil-Drain Procedure11.7Oil Sampling and Oil Addition11.8Oil Consumption Computation11.9Periodic Measurements11.10Determination of Test Results12Report 13Precision and ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2000
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5119-02 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002

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ASTM D5119-00 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition EngineASTM D5119-00 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine
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ASTM D5119-00 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine
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ASTM-D5119
ADOPTION NOTICE
ASTM-D5119, "ENGINE OILS, AUTOMOTIVE, IN THE CRC L-38
SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE, EVALUATION OF", was adopted on 03-OCT-94
for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes
by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity:
US Army Communications Electronic Command, CECOM Logistics and
Readiness Center, Attn: AMSEL-LC-CCS-P-GB, 10115 Gridley Road Ste
228, Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-5849. Copies of this document may be
purchased from the American Society for Testing and Materials 100
Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States,
19428-2959. http://www.astm.org/____________________
Custodians: Adopting Activity:
Army - CR4 Army - CR4
Navy - AS
Air Force - 68
FSC 9150
Approved for public release; distribution
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A:
is unlimited.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
Designation: D 5119 – 00 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38
1
Spark-Ignition Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The test method described in this standard can be used by any properly equipped laboratory without
the assistance of anyone not associated with that laboratory. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring
Center (TMC) offers a very valuable service to a test laboratory; the Center provides reference oils and
an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Appendix X1). By this
means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar
to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize
the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army
imposes such a requirement, in connection with several Army lubricant specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC. This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by
the TMC. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see
Annex A4).
1. Scope the test power section, and (2) varnish and sludge deposits on
2 power section parts.
1.1 This engine oil test method covers the evaluation of
3
1.3 The two measures of oil deterioration used in this test
automotive engine oils (SAE grades 5W 10W, 20, 30, 40, and
method are (1) the change in the acid number of the oil, and (2)
50, and multiviscosity grades) intended for use in either
the change in the viscosity of the oil during the test period.
spark-ignition gasoline engines, or in diesel engines. The test
1.4 Correlation of test results with those obtained in auto-
procedure is conducted using a carbureted, spark-ignition
motive service has not been established. Furthermore, the
Cooperative Lubrication Research (CLR) Oil Test Engine
results obtained in this test method are not necessarily indica-
(referred to as the L-38 engine in this test method). An oil is
tive of results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive
evaluated for protection against engine and oil deterioration
spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine, or in an engine
under high-temperature, heavy-duty service conditions. The
operated under conditions different from those of the test
test method can also be used to evaluate the viscosity stability
method. The test can be used to compare one oil with another.
of multiviscosity-graded oils.
1.2 The two measures of engine deterioration used in this
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil perfor-
test method are (1) weight loss of copper-lead bearings used in
mance for specification requirements include the following current ver-
sions of single-cylinder and multicylinder engine tests:
ASTM STP 509A, Single Cylinder Engine Tests for Evaluating the
4
Performance of Crankcase Lubricants
1
Part I, Caterpillar 1G2 Test Method
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Part II, Caterpillar 1H2 Test Method
D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
ASTM STP 315H, Multicylinder Test Sequences for Evaluating Engine
4
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally
Oils
published as D 5119 – 90. Last previous edition D 5119 – 99.
Part 1, Sequence IID
The procedure, originally developed by the
...

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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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