ASTM F2516-22

Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and the elastic and plastic properties of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.  
5.2 Tension tests, as described in this test method, also provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Terminology F2005, of the material at the test temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods for determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2022
• ICS: 77.120.40 - Nickel, chromium and their alloys
• Technical Committee: F04 - Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices
• Drafting Committee: F04.15 - Material Test Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2516 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1876 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelas-
Vibration
tic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods
E3098 Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Pre-strain and
for determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau
Thermal Free Recovery of Shape Memory Alloys
strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
F2004 Test Method for Transformation Temperature of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
standard.
Alloys
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the F2082/F2082M Test Method for Determination of Transfor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Alloys by Bend and Free Recovery
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3. Terminology
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
appearing in Terminology E6 and the terms relating to nickel-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
titanium shape memory alloys appearing in Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
F2005 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in this
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
test method. Engineering stress and strain are assumed unless
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
otherwise noted.Additional terms being defined are as follows
(see Fig. 1):
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1 alignment stress, n—stress (not to exceed 7 MPa)
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
appliedtothespecimenafteritisinstalledinthegripstoensure
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
that the specimen is straight and aligned to the grips.
terials
3.2.2 elongation at fracture (El ), n—elongation measured
fr
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
just prior to the sudden decrease in force associated with
someter Systems
fracture. See Fig. 1 and X1.2. E6
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
and Chord Modulus
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Elongation at fracture results may be
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
very sensitive to test variables such as test speed, specimen
ASTM Test Methods
geometry, heat dissipation, surface finish, and alignment. See
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Test Methods E8/E8M.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3.2.2.2 Discussion—Corrections for nonuniform strains be-
tween the extensometer attachments, including in the necked
region,arebeyondthescopeofthisstandard.SeeTestMethods
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
E8/E8M.
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.2.3 fracture ductility (ɛ ), n—trueplasticstrainatfracture.
fr
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
See X1.2. E6
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2516 – 18. DOI:
3.2.3.1 Discussion—For prismatic specimens, the fracture
10.1520/F2516-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or ductility is calculated as follows:
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
A 1
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on O
ε 5 ln 5 ln (1)
S D S D
fr
the ASTM website. A 1 2RA%⁄100
fr
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2516 − 22
FIG. 1 Terms Illustrated on Typical Stress-Strain Diagram of Superela
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2516 − 18 F2516 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods for
determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1876 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
E3098 Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Pre-strain and Thermal Free Recovery of Shape Memory Alloys
F2004 Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
F2082/F2082M Test Method for Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by
Bend and Free Recovery
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Terminology E6 and the terms relating to nickel-titanium shape
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018June 1, 2022. Published October 2018June 2022. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20142018 as
F2516 – 14.F2516 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F2516-18.10.1520/F2516-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2516 − 22
memory alloys appearing in Terminology F2005 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in this test method. Engineering
stress and strain are assumed unless otherwise noted. Additional terms being defined are as follows (see Fig. 1):
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 alignment stress, n—stress (not to exceed 7 MPa) applied to the specimen after it is installed in the grips to ensure that the
specimen is straight and aligned to the grips.
3.2.2 elongation at fracture (El ), n—elongation measured just prior to the sudden decrease in force associated with fracture. See
Ffr
Fig. 1 and X1.2. E6
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Elongation at fracture results may be very sensitive to test variables such as test speed, specimen geometry, heat dissipation, surface
finish, and alignment. See Test Methods E8/E8M.
3.2.2.2 Discussion—
Corrections for non-uniformnonuniform strains between the extensometer attachments, including in the necked region, are beyond
the scope of this standard. See Test Methods E8/E8M.
3.2.3 fracture ductility (ɛ ), n—true plastic strain at fracture. See X1.2. E6
ffr
...