ASTM D2700-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.
Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.
Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.
Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D 4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.
Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2700 – 08
Designation: 236/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition
hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1,Annex
engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number except that this
A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1,
test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components
2
X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8.
that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a
standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable com-
2. Referenced Documents
pression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane
D2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-
number.
Ignition Engine Fuel
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number
octane number, but this test method has a working range from
of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Com-
40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced
parison Technique
for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90
D3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number ofAviation
Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels pro-
Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel Fuels
duced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks
Petroleum Products
orotherprocessstreammaterialscanproduceratingsatvarious
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
levels throughout the Motor octane number range.
Products, and Lubricants
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
Petroleum Products
historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because
Fuel
oftheextensiveandexpensivetoolingthathasbeencreatedfor
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
this equipment.
Volatility Measurement
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-
metric Karl Fischer Titration
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
etry
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2700–07b. DOI:
10.1520/D2700-08. 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Researchoctanenumber,determinedusingTestMethodD2699,isacompanion
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
method to provide a similar but typically higher octane rating under milder
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
operating conditions.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2700–07b Designation: D 2700 – 08
Designation: 236/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel
in terms of Motor octane number except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily
2
oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted,
CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric
composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary
reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel
establishes the Motor octane number.
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40
to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane
number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number
range.TestingofgasolineblendstocksorotherprocessstreammaterialscanproduceratingsatvariouslevelsthroughouttheMotor
octane number range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the
extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.Formorespecifichazardstatements,seeSection8,13.4.1,14.5.1,15.6.1,AnnexA1,A2.2.3.1,A2.2.3.3(6)
and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water D1744Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent
D 2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D 2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
D 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D 2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison
Technique
D 3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of Aviation Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel Fuels
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.01 on
Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved Dec.May 1, 2007.2008. Published FebruaryJune 2008. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 2700–07ab.
2
Research octane number, determined using Test Method D 2699, is a companion method to provide a similar but typically higher octane rating under milder operating
conditions.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
...
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