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ASTM F1795-00(2019)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems

Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, construction, testing, and operating requirements for self-contained pressure-reducing valves for air or nitrogen systems. Pressure-reducing valves shall be either: type I - inlet outlet end connections of the same pressure rating or type II - outlet end connection pressure rating lower than the inlet end connection rating. Valves shall incorporate the design features specified. Pressure-reducing valves shall meet the performance requirements prescribed. Hydrostatic shell test, seal tightness test, and external leakage test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, construction, testing, and operating requirements for self-contained pressure-reducing valves for air or nitrogen systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2019
ICS
23.060.20 - Ball and plug valves
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.11 - Machinery and Piping Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1795-00(2013) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Refers
ASTM F1685-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Manifolds for Air or Nitrogen Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Refers
ASTM F1685-00(2013) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Manifolds for Air or Nitrogen Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Refers
ASTM F992-86(2011) - Standard Specification for Valve Label Plates
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Refers
ASTM F1685-00(2006) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Manifolds for Air or Nitrogen Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Refers
ASTM F992-86(2006) - Standard Specification for Valve Label Plates
Effective Date
01-Feb-2006
Refers
ASTM F1685-00 - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Manifolds for Air or Nitrogen Systems
Effective Date
10-May-2000
Refers
ASTM F992-86(2001) - Standard Specification for Valve Label Plates
Effective Date
27-Mar-1986

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ASTM F1795-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen SystemsASTM F1795-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems
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ASTM F1795-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1795 −00 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1795; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 Military Standards and Specifications:
MIL-STD-167-1 Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard
1.1 This specification covers the design, construction,
Equipment (Type I—Environmental and Type II—
testing,andoperatingrequirementsforself-containedpressure-
Internally Excited)
reducing valves for air or nitrogen systems.
MIL-STD-740-1 Airborne Sound Measurements andAccep-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tance Criteria of Shipboard Equipment
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
MIL-S-901 Shock Tests, H.I. (High-Impact); Shipboard
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
Machinery, Equipment and Systems, Requirements for
tion only and are not considered standard.
MIL-F-1183 Fittings, Pipe, Cast Bronze, Silver-Brazing,
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- General Specifications for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.4 Government Drawings:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA):
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
NAVSEA 803-1385884 Unions, Fittings and Adapters Butt
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and Socket Welding 6000 PSI, WOG, NPS
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NAVSEA 803-1385943 Unions, Silver Brazing 3000 PSI,
WOG, NPS, for UT Inspection
2. Referenced Documents
NAVSEA 803-1385946 Unions, Bronze Silver Brazing,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
WOG for UT Inspection
F992 Specification for Valve Label Plates
F1685 Specification for Pressure-Reducing Manifolds for
3. Terminology
Air or Nitrogen Systems
3.1 Definitions:
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
3.1.1 accuracy of regulation, n—the amount by which the
Standards:
downstream pressure may vary when the pressure-reducing
B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread
valve is set at any pressure within the required set pressure
Form)
range and is subjected to any combination of inlet pressure,
B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch
flow demand, and ambient temperature variations within the
B16.11 Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
specified limits.
B16.25 Buttwelding Ends
3.1.2 bubble-sight, n—no visible leakage over a 3-min
B16.34 Valves Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End
period using either water submersion or the application of
bubble fluid for detection.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
3.1.3 external leakage, n—leakage from the pressure-
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on
reducing valve which escapes to atmosphere.
Machinery and Piping Systems.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
3.1.4 fail-open flow capacity, n—the ability of the pressure-
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1795 – 00 (2013).
reducing valve to pass flow under any given set of pressure
DOI: 10.1520/F1795-00R19.
2 conditions when, as a result of mechanical failure, it has
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM assumed a position of least resistance to flow.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
www.asme.org. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1795 − 00 (2019)
3.1.5 flow capacity, n—the ability of the pressure-reducing In this component, the upstream pressure is reduced to the
valve to pass flow under any given set of pressure conditions. desired downstream pressure.
3.1.6 flow rate demand, n—the amount of flow demanded 3.1.13 pressure reversal, n—a condition in which pressure
by the system at any given time downstream of the pressure- exists at the outlet of a pressure-reducing valve when the
reducing valve. loading element is deactivated (set spring adjustment backed
off fully or dome charge vented off completely) and inlet
3.1.7 flow rate demand range, n—the range over which the
pressure is vented off.
flow demand can vary.
3.1.14 seat-tightness,n—theabilityofthepressure-reducing
3.1.8 hydrostatic shell test pressure(s), n—the hydrostatic
valve to prevent leakage from the valve inlet to the valve
test pressures that the inlet and outlet of the pressure-reducing
outlet.
valve is required to withstand without damage. Pressure-
reducing valve operation is not required during application of 3.1.15 self-contained pressure-reducing valve, n—a
shell test pressure, but the pressure-reducing valve must meet pressure-reducing valve that does not use an external power
all performance requirements after the shell test pressure has source, such as compressed air, electricity, or hydraulic fluid
been removed. for operation, but instead uses the line fluid for operation.
3.1.9 inlet operating pressure range, n—the range over 3.1.16 set pressure, n—the outlet pressure delivered by the
which the inlet pressure supplied to the pressure-reducing pressure-reducing valve at the time the pressure setting is
valve can vary under any operational conditions which the made. For the purposes of this specification, it will be assumed
pressure-reducing valve can be subjected to in service. that the setting is made when there is no flow demand on the
pressure-reducing valve (“lock-up” condition), and the
3.1.10 operating pressure(s), n—the pressures within the
pressure-reducingvalveisatsurroundingambienttemperature.
pressure-reducing valve during service.
3.1.17 set pressure range, n—the range of set pressures (set
3.1.11 pressure ratings, n—the pressure ratings of the
pressure limits) over which the pressure-reducing valve can be
pressure-reducing valve shall be as defined in the documents
adjusted while meeting the performance requirements speci-
listed in Table 1. The pressure ratings (also called pressure-
fied.
temperatureratings)establishthemaximumallowableworking
(service) pressures of a component (valve, end connections, 3.1.18 soft-seating insert, n—the insert, incorporated in
and so forth) at various temperatures. For a pressure-reducing either the poppet or the seat of the pressure-reducing valve,
valve, the pressure ratings may not be identical for the valve which ensures bubble-tight seat tightness under all operating
inlet and outlet. conditions.
3.1.12 pressure-reducing valve, n—a component which ac- 3.1.19 valve poppet, n—the part of the pressure-reducing
complishes automatic regulation of the downstream pressure. valve trim which established a rate of flow by moving toward
or away from the valve seat.
4. Classification
TABLE 1 Pressure Ratings for Pressure-Reducing Valve
4.1 Pressure-reducingvalvesshallbeofthefollowingtypes,
Applicable Documents for
sizes, pressure ratings, and end connections, as specified in
Type of End
Pressure Rating Dimensional Details of End
Connection Section 5.
Connections
4.1.1 Types—Pressure-reducingvalvesshallbeeitherTypeI
Butt-welded ASME B16.34 Class ASME B16.25
(inlet outlet end connections of the same pressure rating) or
150, 300, 400,
600, 900, 1500,
Type II (outlet end connection pressure rating lower than the
2500, or 4500
inlet end connection rating) and specified in Section 5.
Socket-welded ASME B16.34 Class ASME B16.11
4.1.2 Sizes—Pressure-reducing valve sizes shall be ⁄8 NPS
150, 300, 400,
1 3 1
600, 900, 1500,
(10.2 mm), ⁄4 NPS (13.5 mm), ⁄8 NPS (17.2 mm), ⁄2 NPS
2500, or 4500
3 1
(21.3 mm), ⁄4 NPS (26.9 mm), 1 NPS (33.7 mm), 1 ⁄4 NPS
Threaded (tapered ASME B16.34 Class ASME B1.20.1 and ASME
pipe thread) 150, 300, 400, B16.11 (42.4 mm), 1 ⁄2 NPS (48.3 mm), and 2 NPS (60.3 mm).
600, 900,
4.1.3 Pressure Ratings—Pressure-reducing valves shall
1500, or 2500
A have pressure rating(s) selected (see 3.1) from Table 1. The
Union end, MIL-F-1183 (O-ring MIL-F-1183 (O-ring type)
2 2
silver-brazed
type) 400 lb/in. 400 lb/in. (2.758 MPa) pressure rating(s) selected shall be specified in Section 5.
(2.758 MPa)
4.1.4 End Connections—Pressure-reducing valves shall
A
Union end, 803-1385946 1500 803-1385946 1500
2 2 have end connections selected from those listed in Table 1 and
silver-brazed
lb/in. (10.342 MPa) lb/in. (10.342 MPa)
A
Union end, 803-1385943 3000 803-1385943 3000
specified in Section 5.
2 2
silver-brazed
lb/in. (20.64 MPa) lb/in. (20.64 MPa)
A
Union end, 803-1385884 6000 803-1385884 6000
5. Ordering Information
2 2
butt/socket weld
lb/in. (41.369 MPa) lb/in. (41.369 MPa)
Other, as specified as specified as specified
5.1 Ordering documentation for pressure-reducing valves
A
For union inlet and outlet end connections, only the pertinent dimensions listed under this specification shall include the following information
intheapplicabledocuments(MilitarySpecificationorNAVSEArequirements)shall
as required to describe the equipment adequately.
apply. The valve shall be supplied with the thread pieces only, without the tall
5.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue.
pieces and union nuts.
5.1.2 Valve type (see 4.1.1).
F1795 − 00 (2019)
5.1.3 Valve inlet and outlet sizes (see 4.1.2). Spring ends shall be squared and ground. Engagement or
5.1.4 Pressure rating(s) (see 4.1.3). disengagement of parts against spring compression shall not be
permitted.
5.1.5 Type of end connections (see 4.1.4).
5.1.6 Inlet operating pressure range. 6.1.9 Set Point Adjustment—For mechanical spring-loaded
5.1.7 Set pressure and set pressure range, if other than
pressure-reducing valves, the set point shall be adjustable
specified (see 7.1.3). under pressure and shall incorporate right-hand threads so that
5.1.8 Flow rate demand range (see 7.1.1, S1.1.2). a clockwise rotation increases the set pressure. Means shall be
5.1.9 Accuracy of regulation required, if set pressure is used to prevent an accidental or inadvertent change in set
below 10 psig (see 7.1.2). pressure. The option of a tamper-proof set point adjustment
(lead seal, and so forth) shall be available and provided if
5.1.10 Tamper-proof set-point adjustment, if required (see
specified in Section 5. For gas-dome loaded pressure-reducing
6.1.9).
valves, set point adjustment shall be in accordance with 6.1.10.
5.1.11 Supplementary requirements, if any (S1 through S4).
5.1.12 Maximum vibration frequency and displacement 6.1.10 Gas Dome—For gas-dome loaded pressure-reducing
amplitude, if other than specified (see S1.1.4). valves, the set point shall be adjustable under pressure and
shall maintain its charge without adjustment or recharge more
frequently than once a year to remain within its specified
6. Valve Construction
performance envelope. Upstream pressure shall be used to
6.1 Valves shall incorporate the design features specified in
establish dome load. Dome loading shall be accomplished by
6.1.1 – 6.1.19.
two valves installed in series, with a bleed-off valve in-
6.1.1 General Requirements—Pressure-reducing valves
between. If these valves are metal seated, they shall not seat
shall be self-contained, requiring no external power source for
directly into the structure of the dome so that damage or wear
operation. The pressure-reducing valve shall be capable of
to the seating surfaces would not require repair or replacement
meeting all requirements of this specification and provide
of the dome. Only a single dome penetration is allowed. The
extendedreliableoperationwhenprotectedbya5-µmnominal/
valvesshallbeoperablebyastandard-sizehexwrenchorother
18-µm absolute filter installed upstream and when subjected to
suitable means. There shall be no external leakage past the
conditions specified in Section 5.
threads during dome bleeding. Flow from the bleed-off valve
6.1.2 Materials of Construction—Material requirements for
shall be ported in such a way that it does not impinge directly
the pressure-reducing valve shall be as follows: The pressure
on the person making the adjustment, cause excessive noise, or
containing envelope (body, gas dome, or spring housing) shall
potentially lead to ice formation within the dome loading
be 300 series corrosion-resistant steel (304, 304L, 316, or
circuit.
316L). Internal parts including springs, poppets, seal rings, and
6.1.11 Threads—Threads shall be as specified in ASME
retainers shall be 300 series corrosion-resistant steel, nickel-
B1.1. Where necessary, provisions shall be incorporated to
aluminum bronze, nickel-copper (70–30), or bronze. Other
prevent the accidental loosening of threaded parts. The design
materials for both the pressure-containing envelope and inter-
shallbesuchthatstandardwrenchescanbeusedonallexternal
nal parts may be selected to assure compatibility with the line
bolting.Lock-wireshallnotbeused.Anyexposedthreadsshall
medium, weldability, and to provide corrosion resistance
be protected by plastic caps for shipping.
without requiring painting, coating, or plating. Materials for
6.1.12 Accessibility—All internal parts of the pressure-
contacting parts shall be selected to minimize electrolytic
reducing valve shall be accessible for adjustment or service,
corrosion and galling.
without removing the pressure-reducing valve from the line.
6.1.3 PressureEnvelope—Thepressure-reducingvalveshall
6.1.13 Interchangeability—The pressure-reducing valve in-
be designed to pass a hydrostatic shell test at pressure(s) of at
cluding all associated piece parts, shall have part number
least 1.5 times the 100°F (38°C) pressure rating(s) of the valve
identity, and shall be replaceable from stock or the manufac-
without damage.
turer on a nonselective and random basis. Parts having the
6.1.4 Port Configuration—The pressure-reducing valve
samemanufacturer’spartnumbershallbedirectlyinterchange-
shall have in-line inlet and outlet ports.
able with each other with respect to installation (physical) a
...

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Standard Specification for SEBS-Modified Mopping Asphalt Used in Roofing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene)-modified asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roof systems.  
1.2 This specification is intended as a material specification. Issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope.  
1.3 The specified tests and property values used to characterize SEBS-modified asphalt are intended to establish minimum properties. In-place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5643/D5643M-06(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Coal Tar Roof Cement, Asbestos Free

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems. The chemical composition of coal tar roof cement shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The water, non-volatile matter, insoluble matter, behaviour at 60 deg. C, adhesion to wet surfaces, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D396-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6416/D6416M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3019/D3019M-17(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Lap Cement Used with Asphalt Roll Roofing, Non-Fibered, and Fibered

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the physical requirements and testing of three types of lap cement for use with asphalt roll roofing. Type I is a brushing consistency lap cement intended for use in the exposed-nailing method of roll roofing application, and contains no mineral or other stabilizers. This type is further divided into two grades, as follows: Grade 1, which is made with an air-blown asphalt; and Grade 2, which is made with a vacuum-reduced or steam-refined asphalt. Both Types II and III, on the other hand, are heavy brushing or light troweling consistency lap cement intended for use in the concealed-nailing method of roll roofing application, only that Type II cement contains a quantity of short-fibered asbestos, while Type III cement contains a quantity of mineral or other stabilizers, or both, but contains no asbestos. The lap cements shall be sampled for testing, and shall adhere to specified values of the following properties: water content; distillation (total distillate at given temperatures); softening point of residue; solubility in trichloroethylene; and strength at indicated age.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lap cement consisting of asphalt dissolved in a volatile petroleum solvent with or without mineral or other stabilizers, or both, for use with roll roofing. The fibered version of these cements excludes the use of asbestos fibers.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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