ASTM E1037-84(2009)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-5

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The particle size distribution of RDF-5 strongly influences the storage and handling characteristics of the fuel. Small particles tend to block flow through storage bins and feed hoppers, although correct bin and hopper designs will alleviate this problem of blockage.
This test method of measuring size by hand allows accurate description of RDF-5 particle size distribution. Measurement by hand is superior to sieving techniques, wherein particles may be broken by the size separation technique itself. However, hand measurement is more time-consuming than sieving techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the size distribution of a RDF-5 sample. Size is defined as the maximum length of the particle, where length is determined by the RDF-5 manufacturing process. That is, a pellet, cubette, or briquette all have a recognizable length. Fig. 1 displays the sizes and shapes of some RDF-5 particles.
1.2 An air dried RDF-5 sample is separated into categories of differing particle sizes. The size distribution is measured as the weight percentage of each size category. A graph of a function of the cumulative fraction of material by weight finer than particle size versus particle size is plotted. From this plot are taken values which describe the size distribution—the uniformity constant and the characteristic particle size.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
FIG. 1 RDF-5 Sizes

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2009
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1037-84(2004) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-5
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1037 − 84(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-5
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope particles may be broken by the size separation technique itself.
However, hand measurement is more time-consuming than
1.1 This test method is used to determine the size distribu-
sieving techniques.
tionofaRDF-5sample.Sizeisdefinedasthemaximumlength
of the particle, where length is determined by the RDF-5
4. Apparatus
manufacturing process. That is, a pellet, cubette, or briquette
all have a recognizable length. Fig. 1 displays the sizes and
4.1 Labelled Containers, used to hold the particles which
shapes of some RDF-5 particles. are separated by size. Appropriate containers are beakers or
pans labelled “≥70 mm”, “≥60 mm−<70 mm”, etc. The tare
1.2 An air dried RDF-5 sample is separated into categories
weight of each container shall be recorded to 0.1 g.
of differing particle sizes. The size distribution is measured as
the weight percentage of each size category. A graph of a
4.2 Scale, capable of weighing the sample and container
function of the cumulative fraction of material by weight finer with an accuracy of 0.1 g.
than particle size versus particle size is plotted. From this plot
4.3 Vernier Calipers, a length-measuring instrument having
are taken values which describe the size distribution—the
an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
uniformity constant and the characteristic particle size.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Procedure
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 The sample shall weigh 1.0 6 0.1 kg (2.2 6 0.2 lb)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
unless otherwise specified. Record the weight of the sample to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the nearest 0.1 g.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Beginning with the largest particles, measure the length
of each particle in the sample. Separate the particles into
2. Terminology
containers labelled as the size categories of less than 10 mm,
2.1 Definitions:
10 to less than 20 mm, 20 to less than 30 mm, 30 to less than
2.1.1 RDF-5—solidfuelderivedfrommunicipalsolidwaste
40 mm, etc. as needed.
in which the processed combustible fraction is densified
5.3 Record the weight of each size category to 0.1 g.
(compressed) into the form of pellets, cubettes or briquettes.
5.4 Add the weights of the size components. If this sum
3. Significance and Use
differs by more than 2% from the sample weight recorded
initially, then reject the analysis and begin another test.
3.1 The particle size distribution of RDF-5 strongly influ-
encesthestorageandhandlingcharacteristicsofthefuel.Small
5.5 Use the sum of the separate size categories as the total
particles tend to block flow through storage bins and feed
weighttodetermineweightpercentagesofeachsizefraction.If
hoppers, although correct bin and hopper designs will alleviate
theweightpercentageofanyfractionisgreaterthanorequalto
this problem of blockage.
25%, then separate that fraction into two portions of 5-mm
size categories. Continue separating the size fraction into
3.2 This test method of measuring size by hand
...