ASTM D2940-98

Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.  Note 1-The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further increase in density results. Compaction requirements should ensure that an average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses, 98% is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents shown in parentheses may be approximate, except with regard to sieve sizes and size of aggregate as determined by the use of testing sieves, in which case the standard SI designation shown in parentheses is the standard as required by Specification E-11.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-1998
• ICS: 93.080.10 - Road construction
• ICS: 93.120 - Construction of airports
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.50 - Aggregate Specifications

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2940-03 - Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E3355-23 - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) in Storage Area(s) for Beneficial Use
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2940 – 98
Standard Specification for
Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for
Highways or Airports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
poses
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded ag-
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
gregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and com-
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate the
pacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards,
Average Quality of a Lot or Process
may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support
for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.
3. General Requirements
NOTE 1—The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction
3.1 Coarse aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification
shall consist of durable particles of crushed stone, gravel, or
from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The
slag capable of withstanding the effects of handling, spreading,
method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short
and compacting without degradation productive of deleterious
control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of
fines. Of the particles which are retained on a 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.)
vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further
increase in density results. Compaction requirements should ensure that an sieve, at least 75% shall have two or more fractured faces.
average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip
NOTE 2—No standard ASTM method is recognized to be capable of
maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses,
measuring the quality, or tendency of coarse aggregate to degrade to the
98% is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
extent that deleterious fines may be produced. Some local jurisdictions
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
have developed tests believed to be of value in this respect. The purchaser
standard. The inch-pound units, shown in parentheses, are for
of material under this specification is advised to investigate the availability
and reliability of such tests in order to specify quality requirements
information only.
appropriate to his local area.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 The fractured particle requirement of 3.1 is modified
2.1 ASTM Standards:
when specified in the contract documents, providing for the use
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
of another method for measuring interparticle friction which
Aggregates
has been correlated with good field performance.
C 702 Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to
3.2 Fine aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve shall
Testing Size
normally consist of fines from the operation of crushing the
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
coarse aggregate. Where available and suitable, addition of
D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
natural sand or finer mineral matter, or both, is not prohibited.
D 2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and
The fraction of the final mixture that passes the 75-μm (No.
Fine Aggregate
200) sieve shall not exceed 60 % of the fraction passing the
D 4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
600-μm (No. 30) sieve. The fraction passing the 425-μm (No.
Plasticity Index of Soils
40) sieve shall have a liquid limit no greater than 25 and shall
D 4792 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates
have a plasticity index no greater than 4. The sand equivalent
from Hydration Reactions
value of the fine aggregate shall be no lower than 35.
3.2.1 For material to be used as a subbase at a greater depth
than probable frost penetration, the plasticity index and sand
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road
equivalent requirements are modified to a maximum of 6 and
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 on
a minimum of 30, respectively.
Aggregate Specifications.
3.3 The gradation of the final composite mixture shall
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published February 1999. Originally
published as D 2940 – 71 T. Last previous edition D 2940 – 92. conform to an approved job mix formula, within the design
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the
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