ASTM D2940-03
(Specification)Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
ABSTRACT
This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases. Coarse aggregate retained on the sieve shall consist of durable particles of crushed stone, gravel, or slag capable of withstanding the effects of handling, spreading, and compacting without degradation productive of deleterious fines. Fine aggregate passing through the sieve shall normally consist of fines from the operation of crushing the coarse aggregate. Where available and suitable, addition of natural sand or finer mineral matter, or both, is not prohibited. The following tests shall be performed: grain-size test (dry and wet sieving), liquid limit test, plastic limit test, plasticity index test, sand equivalent value test, and expansion test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.
Note 1— The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further increase in density results. Compaction requirements should ensure that an average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses, 98% is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units, shown in parentheses, are for information only.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D 2940 – 03
Standard Specification for
Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for
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Highways or Airports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
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Plasticity Index of Soils
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded ag-
D 4792 Test Method for Potential Expansion ofAggregates
gregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and com-
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from Hydration Reactions
pacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards,
E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support
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Purposes
for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.
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E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
NOTE 1—The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate the
specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification
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Average Quality of a Lot or Process
from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant.The
method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short
3. General Requirements
control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of
3.1 Coarse aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further
increaseindensityresults.Compactionrequirementsshouldensurethatan shall consist of durable particles of crushed stone, gravel, or
average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip
slag capable of withstanding the effects of handling, spreading,
maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses,
and compacting without degradation productive of deleterious
98% is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
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fines. Of the particles which are retained on a 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
sieve, at least 75% shall have two or more fractured faces.
standard. The inch-pound units, shown in parentheses, are for
NOTE 2—No standard ASTM method is recognized to be capable of
information only.
measuring the quality, or tendency of coarse aggregate to degrade to the
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
extent that deleterious fines may be produced. Some local jurisdictions
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
have developed tests believed to be of value in this respect. The purchaser
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered ofmaterialunderthisspecificationisadvisedtoinvestigatetheavailability
and reliability of such tests in order to specify quality requirements
as requirements of the standard.
appropriate to his local area.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 The fractured particle requirement of 3.1 is modified
2.1 ASTM Standards:
whenspecifiedinthecontractdocuments,providingfortheuse
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
of another method for measuring interparticle friction which
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Aggregates
has been correlated with good field performance.
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
3.2 Fine aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve shall
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Testing Size
normally consist of fines from the operation of crushing the
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D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
coarse aggregate. Where available and suitable, addition of
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D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
natural sand or finer mineral matter, or both, is not prohibited.
D 2419 Test Method for Sand EquivalentValue of Soils and
The fraction of the final mixture that passes the 75-µm (No.
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Fine Aggregate
200) sieve shall not exceed 60 % of the fraction passing the
600-µm (No. 30) sieve. The fraction passing the 425-µm (No.
40) sieve shall have a liquid limit no greater than 25 and shall
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
have a plasticity index no greater than 4. The sand equivalent
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 on
value of the fine aggregate shall be no lower than 35.
Aggregate Specifications.
3.2.1 For material to be used as a subbase at a greater depth
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 2940-98. than probable frost penetration, the plasticity index and sand
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
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