ASTM D4581-86(2005)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measurement of Morphologic Characteristics of Surface Water Bodies (Withdrawn 2013)
Standard Guide for Measurement of Morphologic Characteristics of Surface Water Bodies (Withdrawn 2013)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
No other standards presently exist for the survey of water body morphologic characteristics. The techniques described in the references represent the present state-of-art and contain sufficient information to inform geologists and engineers of the kinds of information to be gathered and the techniques to be used.
The major categories of methodologies described in the references are: sounding, positioning, land surveys, sediment properties, sediment sampling techniques, photogrammetric methods, calculating volume and area, morphologic base data, weighted sediment dry weight, reservoir operations, equipment, and reporting results.
The references are intended as operational manuals and do not describe experimental design.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the methods used for defining the morphologic characteristics of surface water bodies. This guide references manuals that provide various rationale and procedures necessary to conduct a morphologic survey.
1.2 The references were written for specific agency use and may not be applicable in all cases (1-6)².
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D19 on Water, this test method was withdrawn in December 2012. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4581 − 86 (Reapproved 2005)
StandardGuide for
Measurement of Morphologic Characteristics of Surface
Water Bodies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope distribution, and volume of sediment and characteristics of
watersheds contributing to the water body.
1.1 This guide covers the methods used for defining the
3.2.3 small water bodies—water areas that can be surveyed
morphologiccharacteristicsofsurfacewaterbodies.Thisguide
using stretched cables or visual triangulation for horizontal
references manuals that provide various rationale and proce-
positioning.
dures necessary to conduct a morphologic survey.
1.2 The references were written for specific agency use and
4. Summary of Guide
may not be applicable in all cases (1–6).
4.1 This document provides guidance for conducting mea-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
surements and assembly of data into a standard format that
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
facilitates comparative analysis of water body morphology on
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
a national basis.
and are not considered standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 No other standards presently exist for the survey of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- water body morphologic characteristics. The techniques de-
scribed in the references represent the present state-of-art and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. contain sufficient information to inform geologists and engi-
neers of the kinds of information to be gathered and the
2. Referenced Documents techniques to be used.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 The major categories of methodologies described in the
D1129Terminology Relating to Water references are: sounding, positioning, land surveys, sediment
properties, sediment sampling techniques, photogrammetric
3. Terminology
methods, calculating volume and area, morphologic base data,
weighted sediment dry weight, reservoir operations,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
equipment, and reporting results.
refer to Terminology D1129.
5.3 The references are intended as operational manuals and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
do not describe experimental design.
3.2.1 large water bodies—water areas large enough to
require use of electronic horizontal positioning devices.
6. Procedure
3.2.2 morphologic surveys—surveys made to determine
6.1 The references provide detailed information and proce-
shape, depth, and volume of water bodies; also density,
dures as follows:
6.1.1 Field Investigations—Section 3, Chapter 7 of the SCS
National Engineering Handbook describes field investigations
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
and survey techniques (1). Pages 1 to 31 specifically describe
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
and Open-Channel Flow.
equipment, methods, notekeeping, computations, and reports
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
for small water bodies.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4581–86(2001).
6.1.2 Sedimentation Surveys—Specifications were prepared
DOI: 10.1520/D4581-86R05.
by the Soil Conservation Service to allow contracting for
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
this guide.
services to perform reservoir sedimentation surveys on small
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
water bodies (2). These specifications are intended to meet
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
SCS needs and should be used by others only as a guide in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. preparing their own material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4581 − 86 (Reapproved 2005)
6.1.3 Methods for Water-DataAcquisition —Descriptionsof elements: hydrographic field operations, final data processing,
various techniques for measuring sediment are contained in and appendices. Detailed information is provided on equip-
Ref (3). The section on reservoir surveys provides guidance ment, instruments, and special survey techniques.
about the kinds of work to be done and features to be
considered. However, it is not intended as a detailed opera- 7. Report
tional manual. The scope of small and large reservoirs is
7.1 All morphologic surveys should report their results in a
covered.
format sufficient to include the necessary elements to describe
6.1.4 Monitoring Reservoir Sedimentation —Detailed de-
whereandwhenthesurveywasperformed,whatmethodswere
scriptions of most aspects of performing reservoir sedimenta-
used and how precisely they were applied, and what were the
tionsurveysthatareapplicabletosmallandlargereservoirsare
measured results. Appendix X1 contains a data summary form
found in Ref (4). Main topics include base reservoir data,
currently used by several U.S. government and state agencies.
selection of surveying method, and hydrographic surveys.
Appendix X2 is a list of additional factors to be considered
6.1.5 Hydrographic Parameters in Large Sand-Bed
when reporting results.
Streams—Many techniques are described in varying detail (5).
The techniques are suitable for reservoirs, lakes and streams.
8. Precision and Bias
The main topics are hydrographic investigation programs,
8.1 The precision is a function of the conditions encoun-
horizontal positioning equipment and techniques, soundings,
teredandthemeasurementtechniquesusedforeachindividual
velocity measurements and suspended-sediment, bedload and
survey.
bed-material sampling.
6.1.6 HydrographicManual—Detaileddescriptionofproce-
9. Keywords
dures applicable to large water bodies is provided (6). Many
described techniques, such as echo sounding, are applicable to 9.1 bathymetric survey; reservoir sediment; reservoir sur-
small water bodies. The manual is divided into three major vey; sedimentation
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. SUBCOMMITTEE ON SEDIMENTATION (ICWR) INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPILING
THE RESERVOIR SEDIMENT DATA SUMMARY FORM
X1.1 The following instructions were prepared by members readilyavailableforeveryreservoir.Theearlycompilationand
of the Subcommittee as a guide for use in the completion of dissemination of available data is preferable to postponement
Reservoir Sediment Data Summary forms. The purpose of the until all items can be completed. However, it is important that
summary form is to provide for the uniform compilation and every item be filled out for which data are obtainable. The
dissemination of pertinent basic data obtained from reservoir following instructions are based on the instructions issued by
sedimentationsurveys.Asummaryisdesiredforeachreservoir the Subcommittee on Sedimentation in 1961 but are revised to
on which one or more sedimentation surveys have been made. apply to the new summary form.
New summaries should be prepared when additional sedimen-
X1.1.1 Figs. X1.1 and X1.2 provides a reservoir data
tationsurveysaremadeandshouldcarryforwardtheresultsof
summary form. Figs. X1.3 and X1.4 is a reservoir data
previoussurveys,asindicatedintheinstructions.Atypedcopy
summary form in SI units. Figs. X1.5 and X1.6 is an example
of each new summary in condition suitable for offset printing
of a completed reservoir data summary form. A complete
should be furnished for publication. After a summary is
description of each item on the form is given in X1.3.
prepared it will be reproduced by the Subcommittee in suffi-
cientnumberstomeettheneedsofeachagencyrepresentedon
X1.2 General Notes:
the Subcommittee. This will permit each agency to maintain a
X1.2.1 In all cases where data are estimated or assumed,
file of basic data prepared in a uniform manner suitable for
insert an asterisk, and show an asterisk with the word “as-
analysis and interpretation. The Subcommittee recognizes that
sumed” at the bottom of the front page of the form.
all items of data provided for on the summary will not be
X1.2.2 Where other information is presented that needs
4 clarification, footnotes should be used and shown by numbers,
Prepared by the following agencies represented on the Subcommittee on
1 2
Sedimentation Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources: Department of Agri-
as , , etc. All footnotes are to be explained in the space
culture: Agricultural Research Service, Forest Service, Soil Conservation Service;
provided under Item 47.
Department of Commerce: Bureau of Public Roads, Environmental Science
Services Administration; Department of Defense: Corps of Engineers, Naval
X1.2.3 All data should be shown to at least three significant
Oceanographic Office; Department of Health, Education and Welfare: Water
figures, if available, and if accuracy of the survey warrants.
Pollution Control Administration; Department of the Interior: Bureau of Mines,
However, it is common practice and permissible to show all
Bureau of Reclamation, Geological Survey; Federal Power Commission; and
Tennessee ValleyAuthority. items of data to the nearest whole number, even though the
D4581 − 86 (Reapproved 2005)
FIG. X1.1 Reservoir Sediment Data Summary Form, Inch-Pound Units
accuracyofthesurveymaynotgivesignificancetothelastone X1.3 Specific Items—Descriptionsofthenumbereditemsas
or two whole numbers. For example, for Item 14: 167624, they appear in Fig. X1.1, Fig. X1.3, and Fig. X1.5 are given as
16762, 1676, 168, 16.8, 1.68. follows:
X1.2.4 Items 31, 32, 33, 37, 38, 40, 41—Where the sedi- X1.3.1 Name of Reservoir: Give the official or most com-
mentation survey of a multiple-purpose reservoir has covered monly used name. If the dam has another name, give it in
only the pool level of levels used for storage most of the year parentheses, for example, Lake Mead (Hoover Dam).
(as irrigation, power, inactive) and has not covered the flood-
X1.3.2 Data Sheet No.— The data sheet number is com-
control pool above such levels, the data should be shown for
posed of two parts. The first is the river basin map number as
the pool levels surveyed. However, any data obtained concern-
shown in the hydrologic atlas compiled under the auspices of
ing sedimentation in the controllable flood-control pool (not
theSubcommitteeonHydrology(ICWR),andthesecondisthe
including surcharge storage) should be shown under the above
sheet reference number periodically supplied by the Subcom-
items with a footnote reference of explanation under Item 47.
mittee on Sedimentation when data are compiled for publica-
X1.2.5 Use continuation sheets when all data cannot be tion. If the map number for the river basin in which the
placed on one sheet. reservoir is located is available, it should be shown here. The
D4581 − 86 (Reapproved 2005)
FIG. X1.2 Continued
data sheet reference number will be supplied later by the X1.3.6 Item 4— Give the location of the dam by section,
Subcommittee on Sedimentation. township, and range.
X1.3.7 Item 5— Give the name of the nearest post office. If
X1.3.3 Item 1—Thenameofthepersonortheorganization
space permits, help pinpoint the location of the dam by adding
that owns or operates the structure. If a federal or state
the distance in miles and the direction of the dam from the
government, give both the department and agency having
nearest post office, such as Tulsa 2 SE.
supervision or control over the operation of the dam. (Abbre-
viate as necessary.)
X1.3.8 Item 6— Give the county in which the dam is
located. If the dam is in two counties, list first the county that
X1.3.4 Item 2— If the reservoir is located on a small
is the location for dam operation headquarters, followed by a
stream, the name of which is not known, list the stream as a
hyphen and the name of the second county.
tributaryofthenextlargeststream,forexample,“Trib.ofRock
R.”
X1.3.9 Item 7— Give the latitude and longitude of the dam
in degrees and minutes (seconds, if known).
X1.3.5 Item 3— If the dam lies in two states, both states
should be listed. List first the state that is the location for dam X1.3.10 Item 8—Theelevationofthetopofthedamthatis
operation headquarters. equal to the highest spillway elevation (Item 9) plus freeboard.
D4581 − 86 (Reapproved 2005)
FIG. X1.3 Reservoir Sediment Data Summary Form, SI Units
NOTEX1.1—Initems8,9and21,ifnoactualsealeveldatumelevation
X1.3.13 Item 10a and b—These items designate the pur-
is available, an assumed elevation or local datum plane should be given
pose of storage space allocation. Multiple-use storage space
for these items wherever possible so that the height of the dam and the
(Item 10b) is purposely varied, seasonally or alternately, as
spillway above stream bed can be determined. (Observe X1.2.1 under
required to serve two or more purposes. Use a footnote to
General Notes.)
explain the specific uses in Item 47.
X1.3.11 Item 9— This is the elevation of the highest
X1.3.14 Item 10c— This item ordinarily refers to storage
spillway. If the spillway is topped by movable gates, give the
for hydroelectric or direct power development. However,
elevation of the top of the gates in closed position, with an
storage developed or allocated specifically for cooling pur-
explanatory footnote in Item 47 “Remarks and References.”
poses in steam power plant operation should be listed under
(See X1.2.2 under General Notes.)
this item with a footnote explanation in Item 47.
X1.3.12 Items 10 to 14—All data corresponding to storage
X1.3.15 Item 10d— This item refers to water supply for
allocations10atogrefertooriginalstoragesinthereservoir,if
municipal, industrial, domestic or livestock use, and fire
these data are available, or otherwise, to the first accurate
protection.
capacities determined after the beginning of storage. Show
revisions of the initial storages if recent surveys yield more X1.3.16 Item 10e— This item refers to storage space allo-
accurate data than the early surveys. cated specifically for water used to irrigate agricultural land.
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