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ASTM D5186-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in motor diesel fuels, aviation turbine fuels, and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method is applicable is from 1 to 75 mass %. The range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method is applicable is from 0.5 to 50 mass %.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1999
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0C - Liquid Chromatography
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D6550-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D8048-21ae1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-13 Diesel Engine
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D8267-19a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Aromatic, Monoaromatic and Diaromatic Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6591-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7347-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content in Denatured Ethanol by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7422-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D8074-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in DD13 Diesel Engine
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7484-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7549-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999

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ASTM D5186-99 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels by Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyASTM D5186-99 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
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ASTM D5186-99 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5186 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear
Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels
1
By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope group includes benzene, alkyl-substituted benzenes, indans,
tetralins, alkyl-substituted indans, and alkyl-substituted tetra-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total
lins.
amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
3.1.4 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, n— all hydrocar-
bon compounds in motor diesel fuels, aviation turbine fuels,
bon compounds containing two or more aromatic rings. These
and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC).
rings may be fused as in naphthalene and phenanthrene, or
The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method
separate as in biphenyl.
is applicable is from 1 to 75 mass %. The range of polynuclear
3.1.5 restrictor, n—a device, attached to the outlet of a
aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method
chromatographic column, to restrict the mobile phase flow
is applicable is from 0.5 to 50 mass %.
such that the mobile phase is maintained in the supercritical
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
state throughout the chromatographic column.
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
3.1.6 supercritical fluid, n—a fluid maintained in a thermo-
mation only.
dynamic state above its critical temperature and critical pres-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.7 supercritical fluid chromatography, n— a class of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chromatography that employs supercritical fluids as mobile
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
phases.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 A small aliquot of the fuel sample is injected onto a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
packed silica adsorption column and eluted using supercritical
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
2
carbon dioxide mobile phase. Monoaromatics and polynuclear
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
2
aromatics in the sample are separated from nonaromatics and
D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
detected using a flame ionization detector.
D 2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle
2
4.2 The detector response to hydrocarbons is recorded
Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
throughout the analysis time. The chromatographic areas
3. Terminology
corresponding to the monoaromatic, polynuclear aromatic, and
nonaromatic components are determined and the mass %
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
content of each of these groups in the fuel is calculated by area
3.1.1 critical pressure, n—that pressure needed to condense
normalization.
a gas at the critical temperature.
3.1.2 critical temperature, n—the highest temperature at
5. Significance and Use
which a gaseous fluid may be converted to a liquid by means
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuels
of compression.
is a factor that can affect their cetane number and exhaust
3.1.3 mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, n— hydrocar-
emissions. The aromatic hydrocarbon content and the naphtha-
bon compounds containing exactly one aromatic ring. This
lenes content of aviation turbine fuels affect their combustion
characteristics and smoke-forming tendencies. These proper-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
ties represent specifications for aviation turbine fuels (see
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Specification D 1655).
D02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
published as D 5186 – 91. Last previous edition D 5186 – 96.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D5186–99
TABLE 2 Theoretical Response Factors
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) re
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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