ASTM D4644-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Slake Durability of Shales and Other Similar Weak Rocks
Standard Test Method for Slake Durability of Shales and Other Similar Weak Rocks
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method is used to estimate qualitatively the durability of weak rocks through weakening and disintegration resulting from a standard two cycles of wetting and drying in the service environment. (1-7).3
5.2 This test method is used to assign quantitative durability index values to weak rocks. A primary example is the Franklin Rating System (1).
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, and so forth. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the slake durability index of a shale or other weak rock after three drying and two wetting cycles with abrasion effects.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4644 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Slake Durability of Shales and Other Similar Weak Rocks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
Rock for Site Exploration
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the slake
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
durabilityindexofashaleorotherweakrockafterthreedrying
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
and two wetting cycles with abrasion effects.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as
Construction Materials Testing
nonconformance with this test method.
D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Samples
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Practice D6026.
Data
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
Sieves
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
3. Terminology
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
3.1 Definitions:
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to 3.1.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be Terminology D653.
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
3.2.1 slake durability index—the percentage by dry mass of
methods for engineering design.
a collection of shale or similar rock pieces retained on a 2.00
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mm (No. 10) sieve after three cycles of oven drying and two
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cycles of each 10 min of soaking in distilled water within a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
standard tumbling and abrasion action.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method consists of placing ten pieces of
2
specimens each with mass of 40-60 g in a wire mesh drum
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mountedinanapparatuswherethedrumispartiallysubmerged
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
in a trough filled with distilled water. The specimens in the
Fluids
drum are rotated in the water for two cycles. Each cycle
includes rotation with speed of 20 rpm for 10 minutes. At the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
end of first cycle the specimen is oven dried and the total mass
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
of specimen retained in the drum is recorded. Then, a second
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally
cycle with the same speed and time period as the first one is
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4644 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D4644-16.
performed. The retained total mass of specimen from the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
second cycle is recorded. The slake durability index is calcu-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
lated based on both recorded total masses of test specimen
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. retained in the drum per each cycle.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM Inter
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4644 − 08 D4644 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Slake Durability of Shales and Other Similar Weak Rocks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the slake durability index of a shale or other similarweak rock after twothree
drying and two wetting cycles with abrasion.abrasion effects.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results
in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.3.1 The methodprocedures used to specify how data are collected, calculated, collected/recorded or recordedcalculated in this
standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies
the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative
of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase
or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard
to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Exploration
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to Terminology D653Definitions:
3.1.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to Terminology D653.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2016. Published July 2008November 2016. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20042008 as
D4644 – 04.D4644 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D4644-08.10.1520/D4644-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4644 − 16
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 slake durability index—the percentage by dry mass of a collection of shale or similar rock pieces retained on a 2.00 mm
(No. 10) sieve after t
...
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