ASTM D2559-09

Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions

ABSTRACT
This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural laminated wood products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required. The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by the following test methods: resistance to shear by compression loading; resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying; and resistance to deformation under static load. The wood shall be prepared by ambient curing and hot press curing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural laminated wood products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required.
1.2 The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by:
1.2.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading,
1.2.2 Resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying, and
1.2.3 Resistance to deformation under static load.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2009
• ICS: 79.060.10 - Plywood
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.30 - Wood Adhesives

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2559-04 - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM D2559-10 - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D5574-94(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4688/D4688M-14(2021)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Structural Adhesives for Finger Jointing Lumber
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7199-20 - Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Reinforced Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Beams Using Mechanics-Based Models
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3535-07a(2021) - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep Under Static Loading for Structural Wood Laminating Adhesives Used Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1101-97a(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Integrity of Adhesive Joints in Structural Laminated Wood Products for Exterior Use
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7469-22 - Standard Test Methods for End Joints in Structural Wood Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5055-19e1 - Standard Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Structural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7770-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Collection of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted During Simulated Manufacturing of Engineered Wood Products Via a Sealed Caul Plate Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7966/D7966M-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5266-13(2020) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2559 – 09
Standard Specification for
Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use
1
Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification, which was initially approved in 1966, was developed to ensure that adhesives
developed and used in structural glued laminated timber (glulam) are considered suitable for the
intended application. This would include, as a maximum level of severity in the case of moisture
effects, full and continuous exposure to the weather in a salt water marine environment.
The use of adhesives for structural wood products (that is, Engineered Wood Products) has
expandedbeyondGlulamtoincludeproductssuchasStructuralCompositeLumber,woodI-Joistsand
various composites adhesively bonded using a variety of materials. Although most structural glued
wood products have traditionally specified an adhesive suitable for exterior exposure, the actual
exposure of glued wood products to exterior conditions may range from exposure to the weather for
brief periods of time, to continuous exposure to a marine environment. The wide range of possible
exterior exposures of the adhesively bonded structural wood product requires consideration of
differing performance requirements for the adhesive.
A distinction between adhesive certification and product performance requirements is necessary to
ensurethebroadestpossibleacceptanceofadhesivesystemstotheengineeredwoodproductsindustry.
The suitability of adhesive systems for use in the manufacture of engineered wood products for
exterior applications is dependent on both the adhesive certification test requirements specified in
Specification D2559, and performance requirements provided in specific product standards.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
laminated wood products for general construction, for marine
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof
adhesive bond is required.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The requirements of the adhesive are based on the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
by:
ucts
1.2.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading,
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
1.2.2 Resistance to delamination during accelerated expo-
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
sure to wetting and drying, and
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
1.2.3 Resistance to deformation under static load.
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
woods
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
2
Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published February 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2559 – 04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2559-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2559 – 09
D1583 Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Dry deformation under load data developed by this test aid in
Adhesive Films determining if the adhesive is suitable for structural wet use.
D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Val-
5. Classification
ues
D3535 Test Method for Resistance to Creep Under Static 5.1 The manufacturer shall classify the adhesive as to
general type. Typical classifications include: resorcinol,
Loading for Structural Wood Laminating Adhesives Used
Under Exterior Exposure Conditions phenol-resorcinol, phenol, melamine, etc.
5.2 The manuf
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2559–04 Designation: D2559 – 09
Standard Specification for
Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use
1
Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification, which was initially approved in 1966, was developed to ensure that adhesives
developed and used in structural glued laminated timber (glulam) are considered suitable for the
intended application. This would include, as a maximum level of severity in the case of moisture
effects, full and continuous exposure to the weather in a salt water marine environment.
The use of adhesives for structural wood products (that is, Engineered Wood Products) has
expandedbeyondGlulamtoincludeproductssuchasStructuralCompositeLumber,woodI-Joistsand
various composites adhesively bonded using a variety of materials. Although most structural glued
wood products have traditionally specified an adhesive suitable for exterior exposure, the actual
exposure of glued wood products to exterior conditions may range from exposure to the weather for
brief periods of time, to continuous exposure to a marine environment. The wide range of possible
exterior exposures of the adhesively bonded structural wood product requires consideration of
differing performance requirements for the adhesive.
A distinction between adhesive certification and product performance requirements is necessary to
ensurethebroadestpossibleacceptanceofadhesivesystemstotheengineeredwoodproductsindustry.
The suitability of adhesive systems for use in the manufacture of engineered wood products for
exterior applications is dependent on both the adhesive certification test requirements specified in
Specification D2559, and performance requirements provided in specific product standards.
1. Scope *
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversadhesivessuitableforthebondingofwood,includingtreatedwood,intostructurallaminatedwood
products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required.
1.2 The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by:
1.2.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading,
1.2.2 Resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying, and
1.2.3 Resistance to deformation under static load.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Adhesives.
Current edition approved MayNov. 1, 2004.2009. Published May 2004.February 2010. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20032004 as
D2559 – 034. DOI: 10.1520/D2559-049.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2559 – 09
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D1583 Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Dry Adhesive Films
D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
D3535 Test Method for Resistance to Creep Under Static Loading for Structural Wood Laminat
...