ASTM D2559-12a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
ABSTRACT
This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural laminated wood products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required. The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by the following test methods: resistance to shear by compression loading; resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying; and resistance to deformation under static load. The wood shall be prepared by ambient curing and hot press curing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction or other uses where a high-strength, durable adhesive bond is required.
1.2 This specification includes test methods that may be referenced by specific product standards for the evaluation and approval of structural wood adhesives. Methods are included to evaluate adhesives intended for use in exterior exposure.
Note 1—Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 regarding the intent and limitations of each test method contained in this specification.
1.3 Description of Bondline Performance—It is recognized that structural wood adhesives are used in various applications and levels of severity in terms of moisture content, loading, cyclic and seasonal weather conditions, heat exposure and other use conditions. It is the intent of this standard to determine the suitability of an adhesive for use under various levels of severity and conditions with specific and appropriate test methods and requirements.
Note 2—This specification does not contain specific tests outlined for different chemical types of adhesives.
1.4 Strength and durability requirements of the adhesive in Service Class A are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by:
1.4.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading after conditioning to the target moisture content indicated in 14.2.3 and meeting requirements in 14.4.
1.4.2 Resistance to delamination during exposure to three cycles of vacuum pressure wetting followed by drying at elevated temperature as indicated in 15.3 and meeting requirements in 15.4.
1.4.3 Resistance to creep under static load by subjecting test specimens to a specified shear stress and exposing one set of test specimens to an environment of elevated temperature and ambient humidity and another set to an environment of high humidity and meeting requirements set forth in 16.3.
1.4.4 For applications involving chemical treatment, the adhesive shall be evaluated using representative samples of treated wood.
Note 3—When using chemically treated wood, compatibility between the treatment, adhesive, and wood is to be considered and agreed upon between the chemical manufacture and the user.
Note 4—Additional durability testing may also be required as specified by individual product standards. Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 for additional information and guidance as to the type of durability testing that may be appropriate to supplement this specification when characterizing the adhesive for suitability with specific wood products.
1.5 The evaluation of adhesives for use in ground contact and marine exposures are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.6 The evaluation of binder adhesives is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes and a commentary which provide explanatory material. These notes, footnotes and commentary (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, asso...
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Designation:D2559 −12a
StandardSpecification for
Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use
1
Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification, which was initially approved in 1966, was developed to ensure that adhesives
developed and used in structural glued laminated timber (glulam) are considered suitable for the
intended application. This would include, as a maximum level of severity in the case of moisture
effects, full and continuous exposure to the weather.
TheuseofadhesivesforstructuralwoodproductshasexpandedbeyondGlulamtoincludeproducts
suchasStructuralCompositeLumber,woodI-Joistsandvariouscompositesadhesivelybondedusing
a variety of materials. Although most structural glued wood products have traditionally specified an
adhesive suitable for exterior exposure, the actual exposure of glued wood products to exterior
conditions may range from exposure to the weather for brief periods of time, to continuous exposure
to a marine environment.
Adistinction between adhesive certification and product performance requirements is necessary to
ensure the broadest possible acceptance of adhesive systems.
NOTE 2—This specification does not contain specific tests outlined for
1. Scope*
different chemical types of adhesives.
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the
1.4 Strength and durability requirements of the adhesive in
bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood
Service ClassAare based on the performance of the adhesive
products for general construction or other uses where a
in laminated wood as measured by:
high-strength, durable adhesive bond is required.
1.4.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading after
1.2 This specification includes test methods that may be
conditioning to the target moisture content indicated in 14.2.3
referenced by specific product standards for the evaluation and
and meeting requirements in 14.4.
approvalofstructuralwoodadhesives.Methodsareincludedto
1.4.2 Resistance to delamination during exposure to three
evaluate adhesives intended for use in exterior exposure.
cycles of vacuum pressure wetting followed by drying at
elevated temperature as indicated in 15.3 and meeting require-
NOTE1—ConsulttheCommentaryinAppendixX1regardingtheintent
and limitations of each test method contained in this specification.
ments in 15.4.
1.4.3 Resistancetocreepunderstaticloadbysubjectingtest
1.3 Description of Bondline Performance—It is recognized
specimens to a specified shear stress and exposing one set of
that structural wood adhesives are used in various applications
test specimens to an environment of elevated temperature and
and levels of severity in terms of moisture content, loading,
ambient humidity and another set to an environment of high
cyclic and seasonal weather conditions, heat exposure and
humidity and meeting requirements set forth in 16.3.
other use conditions. It is the intent of this standard to
1.4.4 For applications involving chemical treatment, the
determine the suitability of an adhesive for use under various
adhesive shall be evaluated using representative samples of
levels of severity and conditions with specific and appropriate
treated wood.
test methods and requirements.
NOTE 3—When using chemically treated wood, compatibility between
the treatment, adhesive, and wood is to be considered and agreed upon
1 between the chemical manufacture and the user.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
NOTE4—Additionaldurabilitytestingmayalsoberequiredasspecified
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
byindividualproductstandards.ConsulttheCommentaryinAppendixX1
Adhesives.
foradditionalinformationandguidanceastothetypeofdurabilitytesting
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2559–12. DOI: that may be appropriate to supplement this specification when character-
10.1520/D2559-12A. izing the adhesive for suitability with specific wood products.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2559−12a
1.5 The evaluation of adhesives for use in ground contact 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Thi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2559–12 Designation: D2559 – 12a
Standard Specification for
Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use
1
Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification, which was initially approved in 1966, was developed to ensure that adhesives
developed and used in structural glued laminated timber (glulam) are considered suitable for the
intended application. This would include, as a maximum level of severity in the case of moisture
effects, full and continuous exposure to the weather.
The use of adhesives for structural wood products has expanded beyond Glulam to include products
such as Structural Composite Lumber, wood I-Joists and various composites adhesively bonded using
a variety of materials. Although most structural glued wood products have traditionally specified an
adhesive suitable for exterior exposure, the actual exposure of glued wood products to exterior
conditions may range from exposure to the weather for brief periods of time, to continuous exposure
to a marine environment.
A distinction between adhesive certification and product performance requirements is necessary to
ensure the broadest possible acceptance of adhesive systems.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products
for general construction or other uses where a high-strength, durable adhesive bond is required.
1.2 Thisspecificationincludestestmethodsthatmaybereferencedbyspecificproductstandardsfortheevaluationandapproval
of structural wood adhesives. Methods are included to evaluate adhesives intended for use in exterior exposure.
NOTE 1—Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 regarding the intent and limitations of each test method contained in this specification.
1.3 Description of Bondline Performance—It is recognized that structural wood adhesives are used in various applications and
levels of severity in terms of moisture content, loading, cyclic and seasonal weather conditions, heat exposure and other use
conditions. It is the intent of this standard to determine the suitability of an adhesive for use under various levels of severity and
conditions with specific and appropriate test methods and requirements.
NOTE 2—This specification does not contain specific tests outlined for different chemical types of adhesives.
1.4 Strength and durability requirements of the adhesive in Service Class A are based on the performance of the adhesive in
laminated wood as measured by:
1.4.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading after conditioning to the target moisture content indicated in 14.2.3 and
meeting requirements in 14.4.
1.4.2 Resistance to delamination during exposure to three cycles of vacuum pressure wetting followed by drying at elevated
temperature as indicated in 15.3 and meeting requirements in 15.4.
1.4.3 Resistance to creep under static load by subjecting test specimens to a specified shear stress and exposing one set of test
specimens to an environment of elevated temperature and ambient humidity and another set to an environment of high humidity
and meeting requirements set forth in 16.3.
1.4.4 For applications involving chemical treatment, the adhesive shall be evaluated using representative samples of treated
wood.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Adhesives.
Current edition approved MayJune 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 as D2559–10a.D2559 – 12.
DOI: 10.1520/D2559-12A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2559 – 12a
NOTE 3—When using chemically treated wood, compatibility between the treatment, adhesive, and wood is to be considered and agreed upon between
the chemical manufacture and the user.
NOTE 4—Additional durability testing may also be required as
...
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