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ASTM D97-17b(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pour point of a petroleum specimen is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any petroleum product.3 A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 8.8. The cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now appears as Test Method D2500.  
1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated Test Method D97 pour point measurements.  
1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative procedures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus are available. None of them share the same designation number as Test Method D97. When an automatic instrument is used, the ASTM test method designation number specific to the technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for testing the pour point of crude oils is described in Test Method D5853.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2022
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D97-17b(2022) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D97 − 17b (Reapproved 2022)
Designation: 15/22
Standard Test Method for
1,2
Pour Point of Petroleum Products
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD97;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope mercuryormercury-containingproducts,orboth,isprohibited
bylocalornationallaw.Usersmustdeterminelegalityofsales
1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any
3 in their location.
petroleum product. Aprocedure suitable for black specimens,
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cylinderstock,andnondistillatefueloilisdescribedin8.8.The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
appears as Test Method D2500.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Test Method D97 pour point measurements.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative proce-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
dures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
areavailable.Noneofthemsharethesamedesignationnumber
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
as Test Method D97. When an automatic instrument is used,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the ASTM test method designation number specific to the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for
testing the pour point of crude oils is described inTest Method
2. Referenced Documents
D5853.
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D117Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
for Electrical Insulating Liquids
standard.
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
D2500Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
and Liquid Fuels
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
D5853Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
D7962Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-
ment Drift
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM International Committee
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct
E644Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
responsibility ofASTM Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. The technically
equivalent standard as referenced is under the jurisdiction of the Energy Institute mometers
Subcommittee SC-C-4.
E1137SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
mometers
approved in 1927, replacing D47. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
E2877Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
D97–17b. DOI: 10.1520/D0097-17BR22.
This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965.
2
This test method has been developed through the cooperative effort between
ASTMandtheEnergyInstitute,London.ASTMandIPstandardswereapprovedby
4
ASTMandEItechnicalcommitteesasbeingtechnicallyequivalentbutthatdoesnot For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
imply both standards are identical. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Statements defining this test and its significance when applied to electrical Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in Guide D117. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
...

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5.1 Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acid as part of the refining procedure. Obviously, any residual mineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable. The absence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of the distillation residue or aqueous extract of a hydrocarbon liquid is an assurance of the care used in refining the fuel or solvent.
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of monitoring the sulfur level of various petroleum products and additives. This knowledge can be used to predict performance, handling, or processing properties. In some cases the presence of sulfur compounds is beneficial to the product and monitoring the depletion of sulfur can provide useful information. In other cases the presence of sulfur compounds is detrimental to the processing or use of the product.
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1.1.2 Procedure B, TCD Detection:  
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1.1 This practice covers the establishment and maintenance of the essentials of a quality management system in laboratories engaged in the analysis of petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice D6299.
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5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2  
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1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
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1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude Oils by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 Knowledge of the boiling point distribution of stabilized crude oils is important for the marketing, scheduling, and processing of crude oil in the petroleum industry. Test Method D7169 and IP 545 purport to give such a distribution in crude oils, but are susceptible to significant errors in the light ends portion of the distribution as well as in the mass recovery of the whole crude oil due to the interference imposed by the diluent solvent. This test method allows for more accurate determination of the front end of the boiling point distribution curve, in addition to providing important C1 to C9 (nonane) component level information, and more accurate mass recovery at C9 (nonane).
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1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point distribution of a crude oil (see Appendix X3).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
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Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

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5.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.  
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1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.  
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