ASTM D6300-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples.
5.2 Repeatability and reproducibility are defined in the precision section of every Committee D02 test method. Determinability is defined above in Section 3. The relationship among the three measures of precision can be tabulated in terms of their different sources of variation (see Table 1).
5.2.1 When used, determinability is a mandatory part of the Procedure section. It will allow operators to check their technique for the sequence of operations specified. It also ensures that a result based on the set of determined values is not subject to excessive variability from that source.
5.3 A bias statement furnishes guidelines on the relationship between a set of test results and a related set of accepted reference values. When the bias of a test method is known, a compensating adjustment can be incorporated in the test method.
5.4 This practice is intended for use by D02 subcommittees in determining precision estimates and bias statements to be used in D02 test methods. Its procedures correspond with ISO 4259 and are the basis for the Committee D02 computer software, Calculation of Precision Data: Petroleum Test Methods. The use of this practice replaces that of Re...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise.
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6300 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test
Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
1
Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
2
Both Research Report RR:D02-1007, Manual on Determining Precision Data for ASTM Methods
2
on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and the ISO 4259, benefitted greatly from more than 50 years
of collaboration between ASTM and the Institute of Petroleum (IP) in the UK. The more recent work
was documented by the IP and has become ISO 4259.
ISO 4259 encompasses both the determination of precision and the application of such precision
2
data. In effect, it combines the type of information in RR:D02-1007 regarding the determination of
the precision estimates and the type of information in Practice D3244 for the utilization of test data.
2
The following practice, intended to replace RR:D02-1007, differs slightly from related portions of the
ISO standard.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
development of estimates of precision (determinability,
repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and
2. Referenced Documents
relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
incorporating such information into standard test methods.
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous pe-
Conformance with Specifications
troleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which
D3606 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and
serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instabil-
Toluene in Spark Ignition Fuels by Gas Chromatography
ity) do not normally arise.
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin
D7915 Practice for Application of Generalized Extreme
waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous
Studentized Deviate (GESD) Technique to Simultane-
properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such
ously Identify Multiple Outliers in a Data Set
instances, consult a trained statistician.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- Determine Conformance with Specifications
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
mittee D02.94 on Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D6300 – 21. DOI:
3
10.1520/D6300-23. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1007. Contact ASTM Customer Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Service at service@astm.org. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6300 − 23
2.2 ISO Standards: this practice, precision statements are framed in terms of
ISO 4259 Petroleum Products-Determination and Applica- repeatability and
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6300 − 21 D6300 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test
Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
1
Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
2
Both Research Report RR:D02-1007, Manual on Determining Precision Data for ASTM Methods
2
on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and the ISO 4259, benefitted greatly from more than 50 years
of collaboration between ASTM and the Institute of Petroleum (IP) in the UK. The more recent work
was documented by the IP and has become ISO 4259.
ISO 4259 encompasses both the determination of precision and the application of such precision
2
data. In effect, it combines the type of information in RR:D02-1007 regarding the determination of
the precision estimates and the type of information in Practice D3244 for the utilization of test data.
2
The following practice, intended to replace RR:D02-1007, differs slightly from related portions of the
ISO standard.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development
of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents
the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling
problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise.
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid products such
as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the
substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.94 on Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2021July 1, 2023. Published May 2021August 2023. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20202021 as
D6300 – 20bD6300 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D6300-21.10.1520/D6300-23.
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1007. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6300 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
D3606 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Spark Ignition Fuels by Gas Chromatography
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
D7915 Practice for Application of Generalized Extreme Studentized Deviate (GESD) Technique to Simultaneously Identify
Multiple Outliers in a Data Set
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 ISO Standards:
4
ISO 4259 Petroleum Products-Determination and Application of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 analysis of variance (ANOVA), n—technique that enables the to
...
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