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ASTM D1093-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues

Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acid as part of the refining procedure. Obviously, any residual mineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable. The absence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of the distillation residue or aqueous extract of a hydrocarbon liquid is an assurance of the care used in refining the fuel or solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation residues. (Warning—Many hydrocarbon liquids are extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can cause a flash fire.)  
1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon liquid, proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3, but substitute 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution when phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.  
1.3 The results obtained by this test method are qualitative expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in the procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2023
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1093 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation
1
Residues
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of
Oils
the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation resi-
D850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
dues. (Warning—Many hydrocarbon liquids are extremely
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
cause a flash fire.)
ganic Liquids
1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
liquid, proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3, but substitute 3
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl
Petroleum Products
orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
when phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.3 The results obtained by this test method are qualitative D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in
the procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to Terminology D4175.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1 acidity, n—the quality, state or degree of being acid.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the criterion for
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
acidity is a pink or red color when methyl orange indicator is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
used.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 basicity, n—the quality, state or degree of being basic.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—In this test method, the criterion for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
basicity is a pink or red color when phenolphthalein indicator
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
is used.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 distillation residue, n—that portion of the sample
2
remaining after distillation using specified procedures.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample of distillation residue or hydrocarbon liquid
1 is shaken with water and the aqueous layer tested for acidity to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of methyl orange indicator.
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
4.2 The aqueous layer can also be tested for basicity using
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D1093 – 11 (2017). DOI: phenolphthalein indicator.
10.1520/D1093-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acid
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. as part of the refining procedure. Obviously, any residual
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1093 − 23
mineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable. The 9. Procedure
absence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of the
9.1 All distillat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1093 − 11 (Reapproved 2017) D1093 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation
1
Residues
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation residues.
(Warning—Many hydrocarbon liquids are extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can cause a flash
fire.)
1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon liquid, proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3, but substitute 3 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution when
phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.
1.3 The results obtained by this test method are qualitative expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in the
procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating Oils
D850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017July 1, 2023. Published June 2017July 2023. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
D1093 – 11.D1093 – 11 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D1093-11R17.10.1520/D1093-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1093 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acidity, n—the quality, state or degree of being acid.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
In this test method, the criterion for acidity is a pink or red color when methyl orange indicator is used.
3.2.2 basicity, n—the quality, state or degree of being basic.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
In this test method, the criterion for basicity is a pink or red color when phenolphthalein indicator is used.
3.2.3 distillation residue, n—that portion of the sample remaining after distillation using specified procedures.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample of distillation residue or hydrocarbon liquid is shaken with water and the aqueous layer tested for acidity to methyl
orange indicator.
4.2 The aqueous layer can also be tested for basicity using phenolphthalein indicator.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Some petroleum products are treate
...

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1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit...

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1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point distribution of a crude oil (see Appendix X3).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5443-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.  
5.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Table 1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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