ASTM D2008-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The absorbance of liquids and the absorptivity of liquid and solids at specified wavelengths in the ultraviolet are useful in characterizing petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 nm to 400 nm of the spectrum.
1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length, and sample concentration—are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measurement.
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated in parentheses, are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2008 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultra- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
violet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 nm to E169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible
400 nm of the spectrum. Quantitative Analysis
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path
length, and sample concentration—are specified by reference
3. Terminology
to one of the examples of the application of this test method in
3.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption
the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measure-
spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Terminology
ment.
E131. Terms of particular significance are the following:
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the
3.2 Definitions:
absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a sub-
USP petrolatum.
stance that determines its ability to take up radiant power,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
expressed by:
standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches,
A 5 log 1/T 5 2log T (1)
~ !
10 10
indicated in parentheses, are for information only.
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.2.6.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Absorbance expresses the excess ab-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
implied that compensation has been affected for reflectance
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared
For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
with attenuation by absorption.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
length, expressed by:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
a 5 Af/bc (2)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
where:
A = the absorbance defined in 3.2.1,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D2008 – 12 (2018). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2008-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2008 − 23
spectral region between 220 nm and 400 nm, absorbance
f = the dilution factor defined in 3.2.3,
measurements shall be repeatable within 61.0 %.
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
6.2 For recommended methods of testing spectrophotom-
volume of solvent.
eters to be used in this test method, refer to Practice E275.
3.2.3 dilution factor, f, n—the proportion of solvent increase
6.3 An instrument is
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2008 − 12 (Reapproved 2018) D2008 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the
absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 nm to 400 nm of
the spectrum.
1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length, and
sample concentration—are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes or
by a statement of other conditions of measurement.
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP
petrolatum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated
in parentheses, are for information only.
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical
issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when
handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional
information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national
law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018May 1, 2023. Published November 2018June 2023. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20122018 as
D2008 – 12.D2008 – 12 (2018). DOI: 10.1520/D2008-12R18.10.1520/D2008-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2008 − 23
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Terminology E131.
Terms of particular significance are the following:
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromagnetic waves.
3.2.2 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is transported in a beam of radiant energy.
3.2.3 transmittance, T, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its transportability of radiant power, expressed
by:
P
T 5 (1)
P
o
where:
P = the radiant power passing through the sample and
P = the radiant power incident upon the sample.
o
3.2.1 absorbance,
...
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