ASTM D4411-98

Standard Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the equipment and basic procedures for sampling to determine discharge of sediment transported by moving liquids. Equipment and procedures were originally developed to sample mineral sediments transported by rivers but they are applicable to sampling a variety of sediments transported in open channels or closed conduits. Procedures do not apply to sediments transported by flotation.  
1.2 This guide does not pertain directly to sampling to determine nondischarge-weighted concentrations, which in special instances are of interest. However, much of the descriptive information on sampler requirements and sediment transport phenomena is applicable in sampling for these concentrations, and 9.2.8 and 13.1.3 briefly specify suitable equipment. Additional information on this subject will be added in the future.  
1.3 The cited references are not compiled as standards; however they do contain information that helps ensure standard design of equipment and procedures.  
1.4 Information given in this guide on sampling to determine bedload discharge is solely descriptive because no specific sampling equipment or procedures are presently accepted as representative of the state-of-the-art. As this situation changes, details will be added to this guide.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 12.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1998
• ICS: 13.060.10 - Water of natural resources
• ICS: 13.060.30 - Sewage water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.07 - Sediments, Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4411-03 - Standard Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4411 – 98
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
1
Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide covers the equipment and basic procedures 3.1 Definitions:
for sampling to determine discharge of sediment transported by 3.1.1 isokinetic—a condition of sampling, whereby liquid
moving liquids. Equipment and procedures were originally moves with no acceleration as it leaves the ambient flow and
developed to sample mineral sediments transported by rivers enters the sampler nozzle.
but they are applicable to sampling a variety of sediments 3.1.2 sampling vertical—an approximately vertical path
transported in open channels or closed conduits. Procedures do from water surface to the streambed. Along this path, samples
not apply to sediments transported by flotation. are taken to define various properties of the flow such as
1.2 This guide does not pertain directly to sampling to sediment concentration or particle-size distribution.
determine nondischarge-weighted concentrations, which in 3.1.3 sediment discharge—mass of sediment transported
special instances are of interest. However, much of the descrip- per unit of time.
tive information on sampler requirements and sediment trans- 3.1.4 suspended sediment—sediment that is carried in sus-
port phenomena is applicable in sampling for these concentra- pension in the flow of a stream for appreciable lengths of time,
tions, and 9.2.8 and 13.1.3 briefly specify suitable equipment. being kept in this state by the upward components of flow
Additional information on this subject will be added in the turbulence or by Brownian motion.
future. 3.1.5 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, see
1.3 The cited references are not compiled as standards; Terminology D 1129.
however they do contain information that helps ensure standard 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
design of equipment and procedures. 3.2.1 concentration, sediment—the ratio of the mass of dry
1.4 Information given in this guide on sampling to deter- sediment in a water-sediment mixture to the volume of the
mine bedload discharge is solely descriptive because no water-sediment mixture. Refer to Practice D 3977.
specific sampling equipment or procedures are presently ac- 3.2.2 depth-integrating suspended sediment sampler—an
cepted as representative of the state-of-the-art. As this situation instrument capable of collecting a water-sediment mixture
changes, details will be added to this guide. isokinetically as the instrument is traversed across the flow;
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the hence, a sampler suitable for performing depth integration.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.3 depth-integration—a method of sampling at every
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- point throughout a sampled depth whereby the water-sediment
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- mixture is collected isokinetically to ensure the contribution
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau- from each point is proportional to the stream velocity at the
tionary statements are given in Section 12. point. This method yields a sample that is discharge-weighted
over the sampled depth. Ordinarily, depth integration is per-
2. Referenced Documents
formed by traversing either a depth- or point-integrating
2.1 ASTM Standards: sampler vertically at an acceptably slow and constant rate;
2
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
however, depth integration can also be accomplished with
D 3977 Practice for Determining Suspended-Sediment vertical slot samplers.
3
Concentration in Water Samples
3.2.4 point-integrating suspended-sediment sampler—an
instrument capable of collecting water-sediment mixtures iso-
kinetically. The sampling action can be turned on and off while
the sampler intake is submerged so as to permit sampling for a
specified period of time; hence, an instrument suitable for
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and is
performing point or depth integration.
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments.
3.2.5 point-integration—a method of sampling at a fixed
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
published as D 4411 – 84. Last previ
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