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ASTM E23-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see ) verifying Charpy impact machines (see ), optional test specimen configurations (see ), precracking Charpy V-notch specimens (see ), designation of test specimen orientation (see ), and determining the percent of shear fracture on the surface of broken impact specimens (see ). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see ), methods of measuring the center of strike (see ), and the availability of Charpy V-notch verification specimens (see ).
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below -196°C (-320°F, 77 K).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2005
ICS
77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.07 - Impact Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E23-04 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E23-06 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM E636-20 - Standard Guide for Conducting Supplemental Surveillance Tests for Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2248-18 - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-notch Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM A897/A897M-22 - Standard Specification for Austempered Ductile Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7269/D7269M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM B85/B85M-18e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Die Castings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM A746-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM A571/A571M-01(2019) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM E1823-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM E1253-21 - Standard Guide for Reconstitution of Charpy-Sized Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM A1084-15a(2022) - Standard Test Method for Detecting Detrimental Phases in Lean Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3056-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2298-18 - Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM B969/B969M-18e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting, and the Semi-Solid Thixocast and Rheocast Casting Processes
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005

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ASTM E23-05 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic MaterialsASTM E23-05 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
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ASTM E23-05 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 23 – 05
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE 23;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E 604 Test Method for Dynamic Tear Energy of Metallic
Materials
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for:
E 1313 Guide for Recommended Formats for Data Records
test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see
Used in Computerization of Mechanical Test Data for
AnnexA1) verifying Charpy impact machines (seeAnnexA2),
Metals
optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), pre-
cracking Charpy V-notch specimens (see Annex A4), designa-
3. Summary of Test Method
tion of test specimen orientation (see Annex A5), and deter-
3.1 The essential features of an impact test are: a suitable
mining the percent of shear fracture on the surface of broken
specimen(specimensofseveraldifferenttypesarerecognized),
impact specimens (see Annex A6). In addition, information is
a set of anvils, and specimen supports on which the test
provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see
specimen is placed to receive the blow of the moving mass, a
Appendix X1), methods of measuring the center of strike (see
moving mass that has sufficient energy to break the specimen
Appendix X2), and the availability of Charpy V-notch verifi-
placed in its path, and a device for measuring the energy
cation specimens (see Appendix X3).
absorbed by the broken specimen.
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associ-
ated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (–320
4. Significance and Use
°F, 77 K).
4.1 These test methods of impact testing relate specifically
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
to the behavior of metal when subjected to a single application
standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.
of a force resulting in multi-axial stresses associated with a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
notch, coupled with high rates of loading and in some cases
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with high or low temperatures. For some materials and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperatures the results of impact tests on notched specimens,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
when correlated with service experience, have been found to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
predict the likelihood of brittle fracture accurately. Further
tionary statements are given in Section 5.
information on significance appears in Appendix X1.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Precautions in Operation of Machine
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Safety precautions should be taken to protect personnel
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
from the swinging pendulum, flying broken specimens, and
ASTM Test Methods
hazards associated with specimen warming and cooling media.
E 399 Test Method for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of
Metallic Materials
6. Apparatus
6.1 General Requirements:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
6.1.1 The testing machine shall be a pendulum type of rigid
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
construction.
Impact Testing.
6.1.2 The testing machine shall be designed and built to
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 2004 as E 23 – 04.
conform with the requirements given in Annex A1.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Inspection and Verification
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E23–05
6.2.1 Inspection procedures to verify impact machines di- to distinguish differences in very ductile materials or when
rectly are provided in A2.2 and A2.3. The items listed in A2.2 using low testing velocities.
must be inspecte
...

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List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Values Corresponding
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Examples of Procedures for Determining Rockwell
Hardness Uncertainty  
Appendix X2  
1.5 Units—At the time the Rockwell hardness test was developed, the force levels were specified in units of kilograms-force (kgf) and the indenter ball diameters were specified in units of inches (in.). This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in millimeters (mm). However, because of the historical precedent and continued common usage, force values in kgf units and ball diameters in inch units are provided for information and much of the discussion in this standard refers to these units.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Differential Indentation Depth hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information can correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and can be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
4.2 Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used in industry for this purpose.  
4.3 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing at a specific location on a part might not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product. Machines that comply with this Standard are used when machines that comply with the regular hardness standards such as Test Methods E10, E18, E92, and E384 cannot be used. Test results obtained with these machines are comparable BUT NOT EQUIVALENT to those obtained with machines that comply with the above mentioned standards.  
4.4 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines covered by this standard do not comply with Test Methods E10, E18, E92, or E110.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Differential Indentation Depth hardness of metallic materials by the Differential Indentation Depth hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines and the procedures for performing Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests.  
1.2 This standard includes additional requirements in annexes:    
Verification of Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Testing Machines  
Annex A1  
Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of a Test Piece  
Annex A2  
1.3 This standard includes non-mandatory information in appendixes which relates to the Differential Indentation Depth hardness test.    
List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Numbers Corresponding to Tensile Strength  
Appendix X1  
Examples of Procedures for Determining Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Uncertainty  
Appendix X2  
Examples of Indenters Used in Differential Indentation Depth Machines  
Appendix X3  
1.4 Units—This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in micrometers (µm). However, because of continued common usage, values are provided in other units of measure for information.  
1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for all the Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing instruments. The testing instruments may use different test forces and indenter shapes. The type and size of the indenters are matched to the design of the instrument by the manufacturer. Accordingly, the indenters, probes and other instrument components are generally not interchangeable among manufacturers.  
1.6 The hardness number reported by these instruments are based on direct correlations to existing hardness scales as determined by each manufacturer for each instrument and hardness scale. Unless otherwise noted on the instrument or in the operating manual for the instrument, the hardness numbers reported by the instrument are only applicable to non-austenitic steels. See 5.6.1 for additional information.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizati...

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ASTM
ASTM E436-03(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine the appearance of propagating fractures in plain carbon or low-alloy pipe steels (yield strengths less than 825 MPa) over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle (cleavage or flat) to ductile (shear or oblique).  
4.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
4.2.1 For research and development, to study the effect of metallurgical variables such as composition or heat treatment, or of fabricating operations such as welding or forming on the mode of fracture propagation.  
4.2.2 For evaluation of materials for service to indicate the suitability of a material for specific applications by indicating fracture propagation behavior at the service temperature(s).  
4.2.3 For information or specification purposes, to provide a manufacturing quality control only when suitable correlations have been established with service behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop-weight tear tests (DWTT) on ferritic steels with thicknesses between 3.18 mm and 19.1 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E143-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.  
5.2 The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.  
5.3 Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.  
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history, and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.  
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications.  
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)2  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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