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ASTM E23-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see Annex A1) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), precracking Charpy V-notch specimens (see Annex A4), designation of test specimen orientation (see Annex A5), and determining the percent of shear fracture on the surface of broken impact specimens (see Annex A6). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), methods of measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below -196 °C (-320 °F, 77 K).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2006
ICS
77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.07 - Impact Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E23-05 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Replaced By
ASTM E23-07 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3055-14a(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM E1823-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM A746-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM F3056-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM A354-17e2 - Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM A370-23 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM B929-23 - Standard Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Spinodal Alloy Rod and Bar
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM E1820-23b - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM E636-20 - Standard Guide for Conducting Supplemental Surveillance Tests for Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM F3607-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Maraging Steel via Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM E185-21 - Standard Practice for Design of Surveillance Programs for Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM A1058-19 - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM B925-15(2022) - Standard Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006

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ASTM E23-06 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic MaterialsASTM E23-06 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
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ASTM E23-06 - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: E 23 – 06
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE 23;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E 399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
Toughness K of Metallic Materials
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing Ic
E 604 Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic
of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the
Materials
Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for:
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
AnnexA1) verifying Charpy impact machines (seeAnnexA2),
E 1313 Guide for Recommended Formats for Data Records
optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), pre-
Used in the Computerization of Mechanical Test Data for
cracking Charpy V-notch specimens (see Annex A4), designa-
Metals
tion of test specimen orientation (see Annex A5), and deter-
mining the percent of shear fracture on the surface of broken
3. Summary of Test Method
impact specimens (see Annex A6). In addition, information is
3.1 The essential features of an impact test are: a suitable
provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see
specimen(specimensofseveraldifferenttypesarerecognized),
Appendix X1), methods of measuring the center of strike (see
a set of anvils, and specimen supports on which the test
Appendix X2).
specimen is placed to receive the blow of the moving mass, a
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associ-
moving mass that has sufficient energy to break the specimen
ated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (–320
placed in its path, and a device for measuring the energy
°F, 77 K).
absorbed by the broken specimen.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 These test methods of impact testing relate specifically
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to the behavior of metal when subjected to a single application
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of a force resulting in multi-axial stresses associated with a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
notch, coupled with high rates of loading and in some cases
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
with high or low temperatures. For some materials and
tionary statements are given in Section 5.
temperatures the results of impact tests on notched specimens,
when correlated with service experience, have been found to
2. Referenced Documents
2 predict the likelihood of brittle fracture accurately. Further
2.1 ASTM Standards:
information on significance appears in Appendix X1.
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
5. Precautions in Operation of Machine
5.1 Safety precautions should be taken to protect personnel
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on from the swinging pendulum, flying broken specimens, and
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
hazards associated with specimen warming and cooling media.
Impact Testing.
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
6. Apparatus
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 2005 as E 23 – 05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.1 General Requirements:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1.1 The testing machine shall be a pendulum type of rigid
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
construction.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E23–06
6.1.2 The testing machine shall be designed and built to widely used and most generally satisfactory. They are particu-
3
conform with the requirements given in Annex A1. larly suitable for ferrous metals, excepting cast iron.
7.1.4 The specimen commonly found suitable for die-cast
6.2 Inspection and Verification
alloys is shown in Fig. 3.
6.2.1 Inspection procedures to verify impact machine
...

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4.1 The Rockwell hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information may correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
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4.4 Adherence to this standard test method provides traceability to national Rockwell hardness standards except as stated otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the Rockwell hardness and the Rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials by the Rockwell indentation hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Rockwell hardness machines and the procedures for performing Rockwell hardness tests.  
1.2 This test method includes requirements for the use of portable Rockwell hardness testing machines that measure Rockwell hardness by the Rockwell hardness test principle and can meet all the requirements of this test method, including the direct and indirect verifications of the testing machine. Portable Rockwell hardness testing machines that cannot meet the direct verification requirements and can only be verified by indirect verification requirements are covered in Test Method E110.  
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Verification of Rockwell Hardness Testing Machines  
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Annex A4  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Differential Indentation Depth hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information can correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and can be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
4.2 Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used in industry for this purpose.  
4.3 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing at a specific location on a part might not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product. Machines that comply with this Standard are used when machines that comply with the regular hardness standards such as Test Methods E10, E18, E92, and E384 cannot be used. Test results obtained with these machines are comparable BUT NOT EQUIVALENT to those obtained with machines that comply with the above mentioned standards.  
4.4 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines covered by this standard do not comply with Test Methods E10, E18, E92, or E110.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Differential Indentation Depth hardness of metallic materials by the Differential Indentation Depth hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines and the procedures for performing Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests.  
1.2 This standard includes additional requirements in annexes:    
Verification of Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Testing Machines  
Annex A1  
Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of a Test Piece  
Annex A2  
1.3 This standard includes non-mandatory information in appendixes which relates to the Differential Indentation Depth hardness test.    
List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Numbers Corresponding to Tensile Strength  
Appendix X1  
Examples of Procedures for Determining Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Uncertainty  
Appendix X2  
Examples of Indenters Used in Differential Indentation Depth Machines  
Appendix X3  
1.4 Units—This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in micrometers (µm). However, because of continued common usage, values are provided in other units of measure for information.  
1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for all the Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing instruments. The testing instruments may use different test forces and indenter shapes. The type and size of the indenters are matched to the design of the instrument by the manufacturer. Accordingly, the indenters, probes and other instrument components are generally not interchangeable among manufacturers.  
1.6 The hardness number reported by these instruments are based on direct correlations to existing hardness scales as determined by each manufacturer for each instrument and hardness scale. Unless otherwise noted on the instrument or in the operating manual for the instrument, the hardness numbers reported by the instrument are only applicable to non-austenitic steels. See 5.6.1 for additional information.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizati...

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ASTM
ASTM E436-03(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine the appearance of propagating fractures in plain carbon or low-alloy pipe steels (yield strengths less than 825 MPa) over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle (cleavage or flat) to ductile (shear or oblique).  
4.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
4.2.1 For research and development, to study the effect of metallurgical variables such as composition or heat treatment, or of fabricating operations such as welding or forming on the mode of fracture propagation.  
4.2.2 For evaluation of materials for service to indicate the suitability of a material for specific applications by indicating fracture propagation behavior at the service temperature(s).  
4.2.3 For information or specification purposes, to provide a manufacturing quality control only when suitable correlations have been established with service behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop-weight tear tests (DWTT) on ferritic steels with thicknesses between 3.18 mm and 19.1 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E143-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.  
5.2 The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.  
5.3 Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.  
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history, and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.  
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications.  
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)2  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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