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ASTM A540/A540M-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications

Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications. This specification covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials which may be used for nuclear and other special applications. Bolting materials as used in this specification cover rolled or forged bars, rotary pierced or extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar segments to be manufactured into bolts, studs, washers, and nuts. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium. Material which is ordered in the liquid-quenched and tempered condition shall be uniformly reheated from a temperature below the cooling transformation range to the proper austenitizing temperature. It shall be quenched in a liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions and then uniformly reheated for tempering. Tensile test, hardness, and impact test shall be measured to conform to the required mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials which may be used for nuclear and other special applications. Bolting materials as used in this specification cover rolled or forged bars, rotary pierced or extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar segments to be manufactured into bolts, studs, washers, and nuts.
1.2 Several grades of steel are covered. The grade and class shall be specified by the purchaser.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use when special quality is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and when desired shall be so stated in the order, together with the acceptance limits required.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable" M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2006
ICS
21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A540/A540M-05 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM A962/A962M-23a - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006

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ASTM A540/A540M-06 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special ApplicationsASTM A540/A540M-06 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
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ASTM A540/A540M-06 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A540/A540M – 06
Standard Specification for
1
Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA540/A540M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
2
Steel
1.1 This specification covers regular and special-quality
2.2 AIAG Standard:
alloy steel bolting materials which may be used for nuclear and
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
other special applications. Bolting materials as used in this
4
cation Standard
specification cover rolled or forged bars, rotary pierced or
5
2.3 ANSI Standards:
extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from
B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads
forged or rolled bar segments to be manufactured into bolts,
B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws Including Hex
studs, washers, and nuts.
Cap Screws and Lag Bolts
1.2 Several grades of steel are covered. The grade and class
B 18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
shall be specified by the purchaser.
B 18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
provided for use when special quality is desired. These
3. Ordering Information
supplementaryrequirementscallforadditionalteststobemade
3.1 The inquiry and orders for material under this specifi-
and when desired shall be so stated in the order, together with
cation shall include the following, as required, to describe the
the acceptance limits required.
desired material adequately:
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
3.1.1 Condition (Section 5),
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
3.1.2 Heat treatment (Section 6),
applicable“ M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
3.1.3 Supplementary Requirements (S1 to S9),
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
3.1.4 Reports required (Section 17),
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3.1.5 End use, and
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.6 Any special requirements.
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
3.2 The purchaser is referred to the listed supplementary
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
requirements.
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
4. Common Requirements
cation.
4.1 Materialandfastenerssuppliedtothisspecificationshall
2. Referenced Documents conform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M.
3 These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimen-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sions, marking, certification, optional supplementary require-
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for
ments, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements of
SteelFastenersorFastenerMaterials,orBoth,Intendedfor
Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance with
Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep
this specification. In case of conflict between this specification
Range
and Specification A962/A962M, this specification shall pre-
vail.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5. Manufacture
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. 5.1 The material shall be supplied hot-rolled or hot-forged
Current edition approved March 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originally
or cold-finished at the option of the producer. However, if
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A540/A540M – 05.
desired by the purchaser, cold finishing may be specified.
DOI: 10.1520/A0540_A0540M-06.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-540 in Section II of that Code.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite 200,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Southfield, MI 48034.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and nickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
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1.3 Fasteners are a wide-ranging classification that includes screws, bolts, nuts, washers, stud bolts, rivets, powder-actuated studs, staples, tacks, and pins. Bolting, which is composed of bolting materials, such as rods, bars, flats, and forgings, which are subsequently manufactured into bolting components, are a special sub-group of fasteners. Bolting materials and components have designated compositions and specific properties intended for applications in aggressive service where commercial generic fasteners may not be suitable or have insufficient fitness for purpose under certain conditions. These conditions include cryogenic or high temperature service, or excessive vibration, impact, or shock. To further address any other special service conditions where bolting is intended for use, additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.  
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; there...

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Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suits the high temperature characteristics of each grade. Immediately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transformation range. The chemical composition requirements for each alloy are presented in details. The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element. The tensile property and hardness property requirements are discussed, the tensile property requirement is highlighted by a full size fasteners, wedge tensile testing.
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1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.  
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Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.
Note 2: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A354.
Note 3: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A320/A320M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.  
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SCOPE
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1.1 This specification2 covers five grades of bolting materials with twelve classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120 ksi [345 to 827 MPa] for use in high-temperature service for bolting components, such as bolts, screws, nuts, or studs, for pressure vessel and valve flanges. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The material requires special processing and is not intended for general purpose applications.  
1.2 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary Requirements shall only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.  
1.2 Direct tension indicators in inch sizes 1/4 through 21/2 in. and metric sizes M6 and M72 are covered.  
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1.5 Recommended Fasteners—Fasteners meeting the requirements of the standards referenced in Table 3 are considered compatible with the DTI grade or class listed.  
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1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 12of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for two types (Types 8.8 and 10.9) of compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, in nominal diameter sizes M16 through M36, capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tension in a structural bolt and are intended for installation under either a bolt head or a hardened washer. Steel materials used in the manufacture of direct tension indicators shall be designed, processed, heat treated, and protectively coated as specified. The direct tension indicators shall conform to required chemical composition, compression load, outside diameter, number of protrusions, thickness values, inside diameter, and protrusion tangential diameter values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs) capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum tension in a structural bolting assembly.  
1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes 1/2 through 1 1/2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered:  
1.2.1 Type 325-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 1 bolts or Grade F1852 assemblies.  
1.2.2 Type 325–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 3 bolts or Grade F1852 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.3 Type 490–1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 1 bolts or Grade F2280 assemblies.  
1.2.4 Type 490–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 3 bolts Grade F2280 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 3 bolts.  
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 3 bolts.  
1.3 DTIs are intended for installation with the protrusions against a hardened surface such as a bolt head, a hardened nut, or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Structural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using High–Strength Bolts.)  
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer’s discretion.  
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise specified.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1789-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.  
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.  
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G198-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides controlled environments which are utilized to produce corrosion of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood exposed to the given test environments. The test method provides information that can be used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with different chemical wood treatments.  
5.2 The results shall be used for comparative purposes only and they shall not be correlated to exposure time in natural environments.  
5.3 The reproducibility of results in these types of tests is highly dependent on the type of samples tested and the evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the operating variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and focuses on the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, and nonmetallic-coated smooth and deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood in exterior or high moisture exposure applications using comparative tests with control fastener specimens of standardized benchmarks. This test method may be used for preservative-treated wood.  
1.2 This test method describes the apparatus, procedure, and conditions required to maintain test environments for the Cyclic Fog Test and the Steady State Moisture Test.  
1.3 This test method describes the types of test samples, lists exposure periods, and gives guidance on interpretation of results.  
1.4 Until experience is gained comparing laboratory-to-laboratory results with this test method, comparisons of fasteners, coatings, materials, or preservatives shall be made only within the results of the same test.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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