ASTM G198-17(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood
Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides controlled environments which are utilized to produce corrosion of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood exposed to the given test environments. The test method provides information that can be used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with different chemical wood treatments.
5.2 The results shall be used for comparative purposes only and they shall not be correlated to exposure time in natural environments.
5.3 The reproducibility of results in these types of tests is highly dependent on the type of samples tested and the evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the operating variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and focuses on the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, and nonmetallic-coated smooth and deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood in exterior or high moisture exposure applications using comparative tests with control fastener specimens of standardized benchmarks. This test method may be used for preservative-treated wood.
1.2 This test method describes the apparatus, procedure, and conditions required to maintain test environments for the Cyclic Fog Test and the Steady State Moisture Test.
1.3 This test method describes the types of test samples, lists exposure periods, and gives guidance on interpretation of results.
1.4 Until experience is gained comparing laboratory-to-laboratory results with this test method, comparisons of fasteners, coatings, materials, or preservatives shall be made only within the results of the same test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G198 − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven
Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers and focuses on the corrosion
A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on
resistance of metal, metal-coated, and nonmetallic-coated
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings
smooth and deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
treated wood in exterior or high moisture exposure applications
Iron and Steel Hardware
using comparative tests with control fastener specimens of
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
standardized benchmarks. This test method may be used for
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
preservative-treated wood.
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
Cross Section
1.2 This test method describes the apparatus, procedure, and
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
conditions required to maintain test environments for the
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
Cyclic Fog Test and the Steady State Moisture Test.
Magnetic Basis Metals
1.3 This test method describes the types of test samples, lists
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
exposure periods, and gives guidance on interpretation of
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
results.
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
Steel Surfaces
1.4 Until experience is gained comparing laboratory-to-
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
laboratory results with this test method, comparisons of
woods
fasteners, coatings, materials, or preservatives shall be made
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
only within the results of the same test.
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Magnetic-Field or Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) Test-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing Methods
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sion Test Specimens
G60 Practice for Conducting Cyclic Humidity Exposures
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2.2 American Wood Protection Association:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
U1-09 Use Category System: Use Specification for Treated
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Wood
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.14 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Corrosion of Metals in Construction Materials. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as G198 – 11 (2017). Available from American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), P.O. Box
DOI:10.1520/G0198–17R23. 361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http://www.awpa.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G198 − 17 (2023)
3. Terminology 6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions—Terminology G193 contains other terms 6.1 Steady State Moisture Test—The apparatus required for
and definitions relating to corrosion and corrosion testing. steady state moisture tests shall consist of a test chamber,
Terminology D1165 contains other terms and definitions relat- provisions for heating the chamber, a humidifying tower, a
ing to wood and wood testing. supply of compressed air, sample supports, and necessary
means of control.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.1.1 There are no size or construction requirements other
3.2.1 bright, adj—uncoated steel.
than those needed to meet the requirements of the test method.
3.2.2 fastener, n—metallic, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-
6.1.2 A schematic diagram of a typical apparatus is shown
coated smooth or deformed shank driven fastener.
in Practice G60, Figure 1.
3.2.3 test sample, n—combination of fasteners installed into
6.1.3 The apparatus shall be capable of providing a relative
a treated wood specimen.
humidity of 95 % for 24 h a day for a period of at least 120
days.
3.2.4 wood specimen, n—section of wood into which fas-
6.1.4 The apparatus shall be capable of providing a constant
teners are driven to form test samples. Specimens may be
temperature of 32 °C 6 2 °C (90 °F 6 3 °F).
treated for testing of materials, coatings, or chemicals or may
be untreated for use as controls.
6.2 Cyclic Fog Test—The cyclic fog test shall consist of a
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Wood cross-sectional dimensions are
fog chamber with a solution reservoir, a supply of suitably
given in exact numbers for SI units and nominal numbers for
conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing nozzles,
inch-pound units.
specimen supports, provisions for heating the chamber and
necessary means of controlling fog spray and heating cycles
4. Summary of Test Method
and means of purging fog with fresh air prior to heat cycles for
a period of at least 120 days. The material of construction shall
4.1 This test method covers the preparation, testing and
be such that it will not affect the corrosiveness of the fog.
evaluation of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated
Similar tests are described in Practice B117 and Practice G85
smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners installed in treated
with the exception that these practices use salt solutions during
wood. Control specimens tested in the same conditions shall be
the testing.
hot-dip galvanized fasteners that are coated as described in
6.2.1 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or
Specification A153/A153M or bright fasteners with no coat-
cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the
ings. The fasteners are installed in the treated wood specimen
samples being exposed and shall not be returned to the
before testing so that the chemicals in the wood are in direct
reservoir for respraying.
contact with the metal or coating. Test samples are then tested
6.2.2 Drops of solution which fall from the samples shall
in Steady State Moisture Tests or Cyclic Fog Tests. For each
not be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.
type of sample, separate groups of test samples shall be tested
under either or both of the two test conditions. Procedures for
7. Reagents and Materials
conducting tests in two environmental conditions, Steady State
Moisture Tests and Cyclic Fog Tests, are described as well as 7.1 Water used for this test method shall conform to Type IV
position of the samples and measurement techniques for
water as described in Specification D1193 and shall be referred
determining the degree of corrosion. Guidance is given for to as purified water.
methods of exposure and inspection of corroded fasteners in
8. Air Supply
the two environmental conditions.
8.1 The compressed air supply shall be free of water, grease,
5. Significance and Use
oil, and dirt.
5.1 This test method provides controlled environments
NOTE 1—The air supply may be freed from oil and dust by passing it
which are utilized to produce corrosion of metal, metal-coated,
through a suitable oil/water extractor (that is commercially available) to
or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fas- stop any oil from emerging. Many oil/water extractors have an expiration
indicator; proper preventive maintenance intervals should take these into
teners in contact with treated wood exposed to the given test
account.
environments. The test method provides information that can
be used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-
9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank
9.1 Fastener Specimens:
driven fasteners in contact with different chemical wood
9.1.1 A minimum of 65 fasteners shall be used for complete
treatments.
evaluation in accordance with this test method using both test
5.2 The results shall be used for comparative purposes only
conditions on any type of sample fastener; metal, metal-coated,
and they shall not be correlated to exposure time in natural
or nonmetallic-coated. Multiple fastener types may be tested in
environments.
the same cycle of testing with one set of control fasteners.
5.3 The reproducibility of results in these types of tests is Different fastener lengths may require different wood sizes to
highly dependent on the type of samples tested and the accommodate the length of the fasteners.
evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the 9.1.2 Initial Cleaning of Metal, Metal-Coated, or
operating variables. Nonmetallic-Coated Smooth or Deformed Shank Driven
G198 − 17 (2023)
Fasteners—Initial cleaning of fastener shall be done by rinsing achieved. Conditions for treated wood specimen conditioning
with purified water and drying with forced hot air, air tempera- shall be the same as the Steady State Moisture Test conditions.
ture shall be between 40 °C to 60 °C (104 °F to 140 °F).
9.2.2.2 Moisture content of the treated wood specimen shall
be determined on one of the treated wood specimens. The
9.1.3 Coating Mass—Five randomly selected fasteners shall
beginning and final moisture content of the treated wood
be taken from the cleaned group of fasteners and shall be
specimen shall be determined using calibrated meters in
stripped of coating and weighed to determine the average
accordance with Test Method D4444 for samples with a known
coating mass. Stripping and weighing of zinc and zinc-alloy
moisture adjustment for the preservative or by oven drying
products shall be in accordance Test Method A90/A90M. The
methods in accordance with Test Method D4442 for any
mass for an individual fastener shall be determined to the
sample.
nearest 0.001 g (0.000032 oz). Coatings other than zinc shall
be stripped using an appropriate method to measure coating
9.3 Test Samples:
mass of the corrosion-resistant layer(s). Coatings other than
9.3.1 When preparation of the fastener specimens and the
zinc and zinc-alloys shall have their mass or coating thickness
treated wood specimens are complete, the fastener specimens
determined by one of the following methods; Test Method
shall be installed in contact with the treated wood specimens.
B487, Test Method B499, Test Method B504, or Practice E376.
9.3.2 The evaluation of the fasteners shall be conducted by
9.1.4 Fastener Diameter—The sample group of five random
installing them into the treated wood specimen as done in
fasteners from 9.1.3 shall be used to measure the core diameter
application, that is, by hand driving or power driving with no
of the fastener. The diameter shall be measured at mid-length,
pre-drilled pilot holes. When the test objective is the compari-
610 mm (60.4 in.), on the shank of each fastener and is the
son of wood treatments, the use of pilot holes is permitted to
minimum diameter measurement at the selected cross section.
reduce variables associated with fastener installation. Fastener
For deformed shank fasteners the measurement shall be made
heads shall be installed such that the bottom of the fastener
at a portion of the shank that has not been deformed, if such a
head is in contact with the surface of the treated wood
surface is available. Portions of nail shanks with gripper marks
specimen and shall not be installed so deep that the top of the
shall also be avoided, if possible. The diameter shall be fastener head is below the surface of the treated wood
measured to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) The five sample specimen. Fastener placement shall avoid knots in the wood.
diameter measurements shall be averaged to obtain the group Fasteners shall not be installed into sections of the wood that
fastener diameter. contain heartwood as this wood does not accept a uniform
chemical treatment. A test sample shall no longer be considered
9.1.5 Control Fastener Group—There shall be a group of
valid if the fasteners cause a split that exceeds two fastener
hot-dip galvanized fasteners that are galvanized to Specifica-
diameters in length. A test sample that has any observable
tion A153/A153M. When testing some coated fasteners, the
splitting around more than one fastener shall not be used in
more appropriate control fastener group will be bright fasteners
environmental condition tests.
rather than galvanized fasteners. Fasteners in the control
9.3.3 Fastener center-to-center spacing shall be a minimum
samples shall be of the same nominal diameter and length as
of ten times the fastener diameter from the closest nearby
the fasteners that are being tested and shall have similar
fastener, with a clear zone (containing no fasteners) of 38 mm
geometry to the fasteners that are being tested.
(1.5 in.) from the ends of the treated wood specimen in Fig. 1,
9.2 Treated Wood Specimens:
which shows an example of a test sample for nails with a
9.2.1 Each treated wood specimen used in this procedure
maximum diameter of 3.3 mm (0.131 in.). The end grain of the
shall be weighed using a balance or scale to the nearest 0.5 g
treated wood specimen shall be left open.
(0.001 lb). Wood for this test method shall be Southern Pine
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.