ASTM D4833-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products
Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to measure the index puncture resistance of geotextiles, geomembranes, and related products.
1.2 The use of Test Method D 4833 may be inappropriate for testing some woven geotextiles or related products which have large openings (Note 1).
Note 1—Geonets and geogrids cannot be tested using this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4833 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes,
and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope man-made project, structure, or system.
3.1.3 geotextile, n—any permeable textile used with foun-
1.1 This test method is used to measure the index puncture
dations, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical material as
resistance of geotextiles, geomembranes, and related products.
an integral part of man-made project, structure, or system.
1.2 The use of Test Method D 4833 may be inappropriate
3.1.4 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a
for testing some woven geotextiles or related products which
known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a
have large openings (Note 1).
set of specimens with respect to the property of interest.
NOTE 1—Geonets and geogrids cannot be tested using this test method.
3.1.5 puncture resistance, (F), n—the inherent resisting
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the mechanism of the test specimen to the failure by a penetrating
standard. The values provided in inch-pound units are for or puncturing object.
information only. 3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the standard, refer to Terminology D 123.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles used
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- in this standard, refer to Terminology D 4439.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 A test specimen is clamped without tension between
2. Referenced Documents
circular plates of a ring clamp attachment secured in a tensile
2.1 ASTM Standards: testing machine. A force is exerted against the center of the
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex- unsupported portion of the test specimen by a solid steel rod
tiles attached to the load indicator until rupture of the specimen
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles occurs. The maximum force recorded is the value of puncture
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing resistance of the specimen.
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens
5. Significance and Use
for Textiles
5.1 This test method is an index test for determining the
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Test-
puncture resistance of geotextiles, geomembranes, and related
ing
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics products. The use of this test method is to establish an index
value by providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform
3. Terminology
reporting.
3.1 Definitions: 5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n— air maintained tance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles, geomem-
at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6 branes, and related materials since the test method has been
2°C (70 6 4°F). used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—very low permeability synthetic 5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
membrane liners or barriers used with any geotechnical engi- reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
neering related material so as to control fluid migration in a testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
cal Properties.
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
e1
published as D4833–88. Last previous edition D4833–88(96) .
2 from a lot material of the type in question. The test specimens
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09. should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4833
laboratory for testing. The average results from the two used for securing the ring clamp assembly is suggested to be 8
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for mm (0.135 in.) and equally spaced at a radius of 37 mm (2.95
unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the in.). The surfaces of these plates can consist of grooves with
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either O-rings or coarse sandpaper bonded onto opposing surfaces.
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the 6.3 Solid Steel Rod, with a diameter of 8 6 0.1 mm (0.3156
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of 0.004 in.) having a flat end with a 45° 5 0.8 mm (0.315 in.)
the known bias. chamfered edge contacting the test specimen’s surface. See
Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
6. Apparatus
7. Sampling
6.1 Tensile/Compression Testing Machine, of the constant-
rate-of extension (CRE) type, with autographic recorder con- 7.1 Lot Sample—Divide the product into lots and take the
forming to the requirements of Specification D 76. See Fig. 1. lot sample as directed in Practice D 4354.
6.2 Ring Clamp Attachment, consisting of concentric plates 7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample take a
with an open internal diameter of 456 0.025 mm (1.772 6 swatch extending the full width of the geotextile, of sufficient
0.001 in.), capable of clamping the test specimen without length along the selvage from each sample roll so that the
slippage. A suggested clamping arrangement is shown in Fig. 1 requirements of 7.3 and 8.1 can be met. Take a sample that will
and Fig. 2. The external diameter is suggested to be 1006 exclude material from the outer wrap and inner wrap around
0.025 mm (3.937 6 0.001 in.). The diameter of the six holes the core unless the sample is taken at the production site, then
FIG. 1 Photographs of Test Setup and Fixture
D 4833
FIG. 2 Test Fixture Detail (Not to Scale)
n 5 number of specimens (rounded upward to a whole
number),
v 5 reliable estimate of the coefficient of variati
...
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