ASTM D4889-21

Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Crude or Modified Isocyanates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods can be used for research, quality control, or specification tests to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.  
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniform continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.  
4.3 Some isocyanates exhibit non-Newtonian behavior under certain conditions. Whenever possible, generate results for comparison under the same conditions, that is, the same spindle/speed combination for rotational viscosity and the same tube size for kinematic viscosity.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of crude or modified isocyanates. They are applicable to products derived from toluene diisocyanate, methylene di(phenylisocyanate), and polymeric (methylene phenylisocyanate) (see Note 1).
Note 1: Test method A includes a procedure for measuring dynamic viscosity using a rotational instrument. Test method B is a general procedure for kinematic viscosity of isocyanate.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statement, see Warning at the end of 5.1.
Note 2: Test Method A is equivalent to ISO 3219, Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jan-2021
• ICS: 83.040.30 - Auxiliary materials and additives for plastics
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.22 - Cellular Materials - Plastics and Elastomers

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4889 −21
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of
1
Crude or Modified Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
1.1 These test methods (Aand B) determine the viscosity of
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
crude or modified isocyanates. They are applicable to products
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
derived from toluene diisocyanate, methylene
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
di(phenylisocyanate), and polymeric (methylene phenylisocya-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
nate) (see Note 1).
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Tests for Com-
NOTE 1—Test method A includes a procedure for measuring dynamic
paring Testing Processes
viscosity using a rotational instrument. Test method B is a general
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
procedure for kinematic viscosity of isocyanate.
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-
standard.
culation of Dynamic Viscosity
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 3219 Plastics—Polymers/Resins in the Liquid State or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
as Emulsions or Dispersions—Determination of Viscosity
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Using a Rotational Viscometer with Defined Shear Rate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3. Terminology
For specific hazards statement, see Warning at the end of 5.1.
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
with Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For terms
NOTE 2—Test Method A is equivalent to ISO 3219, Test Method B is
equivalent to ISO 3104.
relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms
used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminol-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ogy E456.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 These test methods can be used for research, quality
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
control, or specification tests to characterize isocyanates used
in polyurethane products.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniform
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
4.3 Some isocyanates exhibit non-Newtonian behavior un-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
der certain conditions. Whenever possible, generate results for
ity)
comparison under the same conditions, that is, the same
spindle/speed combination for rotational viscosity and the
same tube size for kinematic viscosity.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
5. Sampling
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally
5.1 Since organic isocyanates react with atmospheric
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4889 - 15. DOI:
moisture, take special precautions in sampling. Usual sampling
10.1520/D4889-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4889−21
methods, even when conducted rapidly, can cause contamina- temperature distribution as well as the presence of air bubbl
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4889 − 15 D4889 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of
1
Crude or Modified Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of crude or modified isocyanates. They are applicable to products derived
from toluene diisocyanate, methylene di(phenylisocyanate), and polymeric (methylene phenylisocyanate) (see Note 1).
NOTE 1—Test method A includes a procedure for measuring dynamic viscosity using a rotational instrument. Test method B is simply a reference to a
a general procedure for measuring kinematic viscosity,viscosity D445. of isocyanate.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statement, see Warning at the end of 5.1.
NOTE 2—This standard is equivalent to ISO 3219 and ISO 3104.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statement, see Warning at the end of 5.1.
NOTE 2—Test Method A is equivalent to ISO 3219, Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -
Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Jan. 15, 2021. Published June 2015January 2021. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
D4889 - 04D4889 - 15.(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D4889-15.10.1520/D4889-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4889 − 21
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Tests for Comparing Testing Processes
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation of
Dynamic Viscosity
ISO 3219 Plastics—Polymers/Resins in the Liquid State or as Emulsions or Dispersions—Determination of Viscosity Using a
Rotational Viscometer with Defined Shear Rate
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test methods see Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with
Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in
this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods can be used for research, quality control, or specification tests to characterize isocyanates used in
polyurethane products.
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniform conti
...