ASTM F1120-87(2019)

Standard Specification for Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the minimum requirements for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, and testing of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints used to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement of terminal equipment and supporting structures. Materials used shall be free from defects that would adversely affect the performance of the expansion joint. All pressure retaining components shall be hydrostatically tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, and testing of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints used to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement of terminal equipment and supporting structures.  
1.2 Additional or better features, over and above the minimum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibited by this specification.  
1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherent flexibility through natural changes in direction so that any displacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains, within acceptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherent flexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibility through the use of metallic bellows-type expansion joints.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 23.040.60 - Flanges, couplings and joints
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.11 - Machinery and Piping Systems

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1120-87(2015) - Standard Specification for Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F1120 −87 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1120; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCode,SectionIX Welding
and Brazing Qualifications
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through
ments for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, and
NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard
testing of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints used
B16.25 Buttwelding Ends
to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping
B31.1 Power Piping
thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement of
2.2 EJMA Standard:
terminal equipment and supporting structures.
Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Associa-
1.2 Additional or better features, over and above the mini-
tion
mum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibited
2.3 PFI Standard:
by this specification.
ES-3 Fabrication Tolerances
1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherent
flexibility through natural changes in direction so that any
3. Terminology
displacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains,
3.1 Expansion joint definitions shall be in accordance with
within acceptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherent
those in the EJMA Standards.
flexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibility
3.2 Definitions:
through the use of metallic bellows-type expansion joints.
3.2.1 double expansion joint, n—expansion joint consisting
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of two bellows joined by a common connector.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The common connector is anchored to
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
some rigid part of the installation by means of an anchor base.
and are not considered standard.
The anchor base may be attached to the common connector
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
either at installation or at time of manufacture. Each bellows
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
acts as a single expansion joint and absorbs the movement of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the pipe section in which it is installed independently of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
other bellows.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.2 gimbal expansion joint, n—expansion joint designed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to permit angular rotation in any plane by the use of two pairs
of hinges affixed to a common floating gimbal ring.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The gimbal ring, hinges, and pins are
designed to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result
2.1 ASME Standards:
of internal pressure and extraneous forces, where applicable.
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII,
Division 1 Pressure Vessels 3.2.3 hinged expansion joint, n—expansion joint containing
one bellow designed to permit angular rotation in one plane
only by the use of a pair of pins through hinge plates attached
to the expansion joint ends.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on
Machinery and Piping Systems.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally Available from Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Association, Inc (EJMA), 25
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F1120 – 87 (2015). N. Broadway, Tarrytown, NY 10591, http://www.ejma.org. The standards of the
DOI: 10.1520/F1120-87R19. Expansion Joint Manufacturer’sAssociation are a collection of standards developed
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME by this industry and published in one volume, herein called EJMA Standards.
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// Available from Pipe Fabrication Institute (PFI), 511 Avenue of the Americas,
www.asme.org. Suite 601, New York, NY 10011, http://www.pfi-institute.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1120−87 (2019)
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The hinges and hinge pins are designed 4.2.5 Pressure in psig (N/mm )—design, operating, and test
to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result of pressures.
internal pressure and extraneous forces. Hinged expansion
4.2.6 Temperature in °F (°C)—design, operating, and instal-
joints should be used in sets of two or three to function lation temperatures.
properly.
4.2.7 Movement—axial (extension, compression); lateral
(single plane, multiplane); angular; torsional (to be avoided).
3.2.4 pressure balanced expansion joint, n—expansion joint
Differentiate between start-up, operational, or field installation
designed to absorb axial movement or lateral deflection, or
tolerance movements.
both, while restraining the pressure thrust by means of tie
4.2.8 Materials—Material types (including that for the bel-
devices interconnecting the flow bellows with an opposed
lows) shall be specified by the purchaser (see 5.1 for material
bellows also subjected to line pressure.
restrictions).
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Thistypeofexpansionjointisintended
4.2.9 Internal Liner—Liner shall be specified when needed
for use where a change of direction occurs in a run of piping.
because of flow velocity or other flow conditions. Specific
Theflowendofapressurebalancedexpansionjointsometimes
criteria for liners is shown in Section C-3 of the EJMA
contains two bellows separated by a common connector, in
Standards (see 6.6).
which case it is called a universal pressure balanced expansion
4.2.10 External Cover—To protect personnel having close
joint.
accesstothebellows,whenthermalinsulationistobeaddedin
3.2.5 single expansion joint, n—simplest form of expansion
the field, or when external mechanical damage is possible (see
joint, consisting of single bellows construction, designed to
6.5).
absorb all movement of the pipe section in which it is installed.
4.2.11 End Fittings—The type of end connections such as
3.2.6 swing expansion joint, n—expansion joint designed to
flanged, threaded, or others to match the mating piping or
absorb lateral deflection or angular rotation, or both, in one
terminal equipment.
plane.
4.2.12 Accessories—Specify what accessories are required
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Pressure thrust and extraneous forces
and the conditions under which they operate. Consider items
are restrained by the use of a pair of swing bars, each of which
such as insulation lugs, tie, limit, or control rods, pantographic
is pinned to the expansion joint ends.
linkages, trunions, gimbals, drains, purge connections, anchor
3.2.7 universal expansion joint, n—expansion joint contain- bases, and interply monitoring devices.
ing two bellows joined by a common connector for the purpose 4.2.13 Dimensional Limitations—If space limitations exist,
of absorbing any combination of axial movement, lateral specify the maximum overall length, maximum outside
deflection, and angular rotation. diameter, minimum inside diameter, and installation toler-
ances.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—Universal expansion joints are usually
4.2.14 Operating Forces—Specify calculated bellows
furnishedwithcontrolrodstodistributethemovementbetween
the two bellows of the expansion joint and stabilize the spring forces and pressure thrust forces if they are required for
subsequent anchor design or other piping systems analysis. If
common connector.
there are maximum allowable values, these must also be
specified.
4. Ordering Information
4.2.15 Installation Position—horizontal, vertical (flow up or
4.1 An expansion joint is a unique product and must be
down). Specify if liner drainage holes are required.
specifically designed for the intended service. It is the respon-
4.2.16 Cycle Life Requirements—Specify an anticipated
sibility of the piping system designer to supply sufficient
number of thermal cycles over the intended life of the
engineering data necessary for the complete design. The
expansion joint.
information compiled by the piping system designer must be
4.2.17 Testing Requirements—Specify testing requirements
complete and contain all pertinent data detailing the conditions
in addition to the hydrostatic test required by 9.4 (for example,
under which the expansion joint is expected to operate.
vacuum testing, testing at operating temperature).
4.2 Orders for each expansion joint shall include the fol-
4.2.18 Inspection Requirements—Specify inspection re-
lowing information:
quirements in addition to the inspection required by Section 9
4.2.1 Title, designation number, and latest revision of this
(that is, radiographic, fluorescent penetrant, or mass spectrom-
specification.
eter).
4.2.2 Size—The nominal pipe diameter or specific ducting
4.2.19 Piping Code Requirements—Specify any piping or
diameter.
design code that must be used as the basis for design in
4.2.3 Type of Expansion Joint—single, double, universal,
addition to those specified in 5.2.
guided, hinged, gimbal, swing, or pressure balanced.
4.2.20 Special Requirements—Specify the magnitude of
4.2.4 Flow Characteristics:
specialsystemconditionssuchasvibration,shock,orhydraulic
4.2.4.1 Flow Medium—indicate whether the medium is gas
surge.
or liquid.
4.2.21 Shipping Requirements—Specify whether special
4.2.4.2 Flow velocity, medium density, or viscosity, or
packing is required including protection for extended outside
combination thereof.
storage, export handling, or special lifting considerations for
4.2.4.3 Flow direction. heavy or large assemblies.
F1120−87 (2019)
4.2.22 Piping Drawing—In addition to specifying the above 6.2 The specified normal operating movements (axial,
information it would be beneficial to provide a drawing of the lateral, and angular) shall be available concurrently. The
proposed piping system. specified lateral and angular movements shall be available on
4.2.23 Supplementary Requirements—Specify any addi- either side of the expansion joint centerline.
tional requirements not identified herein.
6.3 Internal sleeves, external covers, and all attached hard-
4.3 Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 should be used as a guide in ordering ware shall be constructed so as not to interfere with adjacent
parts when the joint is in the fully deflected position.
expansion joints to this specification.
6.4 Universal expansion joints shall be designed and fabri-
5. Materials and Manufacture
cated to be self-supporting and not require any external
structure for the support of the center pipe spool piece and its
5.1 Materials:
contents.
5.1.1 Pressure-containing parts shall be manufactured from
material specifications and grades listed in Section VIII,
6.5 Expansion joints to be installed in systems above 150°F
Division 1, of the ASME Code or ASME B31.1. End connec-
(66°C) shall have an external cover.When external mechanical
tion material shall have in service properties similar to the
damage is possible, a cover shall be fabricated to protect the
bellows material. Flanges shall meet ASME B16.5.
joint and personnel.
5.1.2 All other materials of construction shall be of the type
6.6 Internal sleeves shall be installed in expansion joints
specified by the user and shall conform to anASTM orASME
when the fluid velocity of the system, where the expansion
material specification. Materials not identified by the ordering
joint is to be installed, is greater than the values listed in
data shall be of the manufacturer’s standard and of the same
Section C-3.1 of the EJMA Standards and where the flow
quality used for the intended purpose in commercial practice.
velocity exceeds 75 % of the velocity calculated using Section
5.1.3 Materials used shall be free from defects that would
C-3.1.4 of the EJMA Standards.
adversely affect the performance of the expansion joint.
5.1.4 All material incorporated in the work covered by this
7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
specification shall be new. The use of rebuilt or used products
is not allowed under this specification. 7.1 Dimensional tolerances on completed expansion joint
assemblies shall be in accordance with Section D-2.9 of the
5.1.5 Materials for hinge or gimbal hardware, or other
sliding parts, shall be chosen to minimize galling of the EJMA Standards and Standard ES-3 of the Pipe Fabricating
contacting parts. Institute.
5.2 Manufacture:
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
5.2.1 Expansion joints shall be designed and fabricated in
accordance with requirements set forth in the ordering data and 8.1 The quality of workmanship shall be such as to produce
the EJMA Standards. a product that is in accordance with the requirements of this
5.2.2 Nonstandard flanges shall be designed and fabricated specification and ensures the proper functioning of all parts of
in accordance with Appendix 2 of Section VIII, Division 1, of the unit.
the ASME Code. Flanges machined from plate shall not be
8.2 The bellows shall be manufactured and carefully
used at pressures exceeding 150 psi (1034 kPa) and tempera-
handled to prevent surface flaws or deep scratches from being
tures exceeding 450°F (232°C). Hubbed flanges machined
generated. The surface condition of the completed joint assem-
from plate or bar stock shall meet the requirements of
bly shall be free from injurious surface discontinuities and any
Appendix 2, Paragraph 2-2(d) of Section VIII, Division 1, of
contaminants that would affect the operation of the assembly.
the ASME Code.
8.3 On completion of fabrication, and before shipment, the
5.2.3 All welding shall be accomplished in accordance with
manufacturer shall clean the inside and outside of the com-
ASME B31.1
pleted assembly of all loose scale, grease, dirt, sand, rust, weld
5.2.4 Welding personnel and welding procedures shall be
spatter, cutting chips, and any other foreign matter by any
qualified in accordance with the applicable sections of Section
suitable means. The inside of the assembly shall then be
IX, of the ASME Code.
inspected for cleanliness. All openings where practicable shall
5.2
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