ASTM F1476-07(2019)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
ABSTRACT
This specification provides the performance characteristics and qualification tests required for gasket mechanical couplings (GMCs) including grooved-type mechanical couplings for grooved end pipe, mechanical restraint couplings for plain end pipe and mechanical compression couplings for plain end pipe. These couplings are for use at temperatures within the recommended temperature range of their respective gaskets. The GMCs are classified into two types: Type I which are the groove mechanical couplings and Type II which are plain end mechanical couplings. Also, they can be classified into various grades based on successful completion of testing. They can also be grouped into three classes in accordance to joint characteristics: Class 1 which is rigid and restrained, Class 2 which is flexible and restrained, and Class 3 which is flexible and unrestrained. The housings of grooved GMCs shall be made from either ductile iron, aluminum alloy, or iron-chromium-nickel alloy. Bolts of these couplings shall be made from carbon steel and corrosion resistant materials. As for plain end GMCs, their housings or center sleeves shall be made from either ductile iron or steel materials. Their bolts shall be constructed with carbon steel and corrosion resistant materials. Standard qualification tests for GMC shall consist of the following: performance test, specimen examination, pneumatic proof test, vacuum test, hydrostatic proof test, flexibility test, hydrostatic burst test, rigidity test, bending moment proof test, and bending moment ultimate test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the performance characteristics and qualification tests required for gasketed mechanical couplings including grooved-type mechanical couplings for grooved end pipe, mechanical restraint couplings for plain end pipe, and mechanical compression couplings for plain end pipe. These couplings are for use at temperatures within the recommended temperature range of their respective gaskets. Consult manufacturer for details.
1.2 Measuring and test equipment (M&TE) used in the performance of the tests described herein shall be calibrated using equipment which is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or calibrated in accordance with the requirements detailed in BS 5781, Part 1, against standards traceable to National Standards.
1.3 As this is not a dimensional standard, nor does it contain component dimensions, the intermixing of sub-components such as gaskets and housings between manufacturers is not recommended and constitutes non-conformance with this standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1476 − 07 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in
Piping Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification provides the performance character-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
istics and qualification tests required for gasketed mechanical
A47/A47M Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast-
couplings including grooved-type mechanical couplings for
ings
grooved end pipe, mechanical restraint couplings for plain end
A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
pipe, and mechanical compression couplings for plain end
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
pipe. These couplings are for use at temperatures within the
A135 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel
recommended temperature range of their respective gaskets.
Pipe
Consult manufacturer for details.
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
Iron and Steel Hardware
1.2 Measuring and test equipment (M&TE) used in the
A183 Specification for Carbon Steel Track Bolts and Nuts
performance of the tests described herein shall be calibrated
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
using equipment which is traceable to the National Institute of
Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure
Standards and Technology (NIST) or calibrated in accordance
Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
with the requirements detailed in BS 5781, Part 1, against
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel,
standards traceable to National Standards.
and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
1.3 As this is not a dimensional standard, nor does it contain
High Temperature Service, or Both
component dimensions, the intermixing of sub-components
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
such as gaskets and housings between manufacturers is not
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn
recommended and constitutes non-conformance with this stan-
2016)
dard.
A395/A395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Tempera-
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
tures
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
A536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
A563/A563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the (Inch and Metric)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
A574 Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap Screws
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- A743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- Application
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- B26/B26M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Cast-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the ings
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- B88 Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical B580 Specification for Anodic Oxide Coatings on Alumi-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. num
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Machinery and Piping Systems. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1476 – 07 (2013). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/F1476-07R19. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1476 − 07 (2019)
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on 3.1.5 gasketed mechanical coupling (GMC), n—a device
Iron and Steel used to join pipe to pipe, pipe to fitting, or fitting to fitting
D2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto- wherein an elastomeric (gasket) is used to seal the joint.
motive Applications Coupling may or may not provide mechanical restraint of the
F837 Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Head Cap pipe or fitting.
Screws
3.1.6 grade, n—the joint working pressure as established by
2.2 ANSI Standards: tests using representative pipe or tube and the gasketed
ANSI/NCSL Z540.1 Calibration Laboratories in Measuring
mechanical coupling (GMC). Test pipe or tube shall be:
Test Equipment NPS—Standard Weight Steel Pipe in accordance with
ASME B36.10 and Specification A53/A53M, Grade B, or
2.3 ASME Standards:
Specification A135, Grade B.
B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
AWWA—Class 53 Ductile Iron Pipe in accordance with
B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
AWWA C151/A21.51 for 3 to 16 in. For other sizes, consult
2.4 AWWA Standards:
manufacturer.
C151/A21.51 Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, for Wa-
Tubing—Type K Copper Tube in accordance with Speci-
ter
fication B88.
C606 Grooved and Shouldered Joints
Other—As agreed to by GMC manufacturer and purchaser.
2.5 ASQ Standards:
3.1.7 grooved mechanical coupling (Type I), n—a device
ASQ/ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
which consists of two or more housings, closure members such
spection by Attributes
as sets of bolts and nuts or pins, and a pressure-responsive
2.6 NFPA Standards:
gasket. It is used to mechanically join and seal grooved pipe or
NFPA 13 Sprinkler Systems
fitting, forming a joint. Grooves conform to AWWA C606 – 87
2.7 BSI Standards:
as applicable. Groove dimensions for tubing and other sizes
BS 1706 Method for Specifying Electro Plated Coatings of
and types of pipes shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
Zinc and Cadmium on Iron and Steel
See Fig. 1.
BS 2494 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joints in
3.1.7.1 grooved mechanical coupling housing, n—the struc-
Pipework and Pipelines
tural parts of a grooved mechanical coupling which mechani-
BS 5781 (IEC 550) Measurement and Calibration Systems
cally fit into pipe or fitting grooves providing mechanical pipe
BS 6104 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners
or fitting restraint and enclosure of the gasket.
BS 6105 (ISO 3506) Corrosion Resistant Stainless Steel
3.1.8 plain end mechanical coupling, n:
Fasteners
3.1.8.1 (Type II—Classes 1 and 2)—Device consisting of
gasket(s), housing(s), sleeve(s), end rings, threaded fasteners,
3. Terminology
pipe or fitting anchoring (gripping) features and seal retainers
3.1 Definitions:
as applicable. These devices are used to create a seal and
3.1.1 class, n—differentiates joint characteristics such as
restrain plain end pipe or fittings. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
rigid, flexible, restrained and unrestrained.
3.1.2 failure, n—any leakage or joint separation, unless
otherwise determined to be due to a pipe or fitting defect.
3.1.3 fitting, n—a device used to change pipe direction, size
or adapt to other joining methods. This device is used with pipe
or other fittings to create a working system. Shapes such as
elbows, tees, crosses, reducers and special shapes are used as
needed to fulfill system design specifications.
3.1.4 flexible, adj—characteristic of a joint wherein there is
available limited angular and axial pipe movement.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy
Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave.,
Milwaukee, WI 53203, http://www.asq.org.
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com. FIG. 1 Type I Typical Construction
F1476 − 07 (2019)
3.1.13 penalty run specimens, n—additional specimen(s)
which are tested in the place of the original specimen(s). These
additional specimen(s) are assembled using the same methods
along with additional GMC’s of the same type, grade, class,
and configuration; and additional pipes or fittings with the
same sizes, nominal wall thickness material, and material
condition as the original test specimen.
3.1.14 pipe, n—hollow tubular products conforming to
ASME B36.10 and B36.19, AWWA C151/A21.51 Nominal
Dimensions, or O.D. tube sizes.
3.1.15 pressure responsive gasket, n—gasket design such
that application of a pressure load to the gasket enhances its
sealing capabilities; that is, additional pressure results in
additional force between the gasket and the surface to which it
is sealing.
3.1.16 restrained, n—characteristic of the joint wherein
thrust loads generated by internal pressure or external means
are absorbed within the joint.
FIG. 2 Type II—Class 1 Typical Construction
3.1.17 rigid, n—characteristic of a joint where there is
essentially no available free angular or axial pipe movement.
3.1.18 specimen, n—a prepared assembly consisting of the
test joint including GMC and pipes or fittings. The specimen is
placed into a controlled environment and tested to determine if
the joint performs to the standards established by the test.
3.1.19 type, n—differentiation of kind of pipe or fitting
which gasketed mechanical couplings (GMC) are used to join
(that is, grooved or plain end).
3.1.20 unrestrained, adj—characteristic of a joint wherein
thrust generated by internal pressure or external means is not
absorbed by the joint but by other means such as pipe anchors
or thrust blocks.
4. Classification
4.1 Gasketed mechanical couplings (GMC) are classified
into the following design types:
4.1.1 Type I grooved mechanical couplings.
FIG. 3 Type II—Class 2 Typical Construction
4.1.2 Type II plain end mechanical couplings.
4.2 The GMC are classified into various grades based on
successful completion of testing defined herein. Grades range
3.1.8.2 (Type II—Class 3)—Device consisting of gasket(s),
from approximately 100 psi to 4000 psi and vary by GMC
housing(s), sleeve, end rings and threaded fasteners as appli-
manufacturer. Consult GMC manufacturer for specific grades
cable. Tightening of the fasteners compresses the gasket(s),
available.
creating a seal on the outside of the plain end pipe. See Fig. 4.
4.3 The GMC are classified by the following joint charac-
3.1.9 joint, n—interface formed between pipe and pipe, pipe
teristics:
and fitting, or fitting and fitting where a GMC is used to seal
4.3.1 Class 1—rigid and restrained.
within a specified working pressure this interface and where
4.3.2 Class 2—flexible and restrained.
applicable, provide mechanical holding strength.
4.3.3 Class 3—flexible and unrestrained.
3.1.10 joint pressure rating, n—the working pressure for the
joint on the pipe or fitting material and thickness to be used in
5. Ordering Information
the actual piping application.
5.1 Orders for GMC under this specification shall include
3.1.11 leakage, n—the escape of fluid (gaseous or liquid)
the following:
from any point of the specimen.
5.1.1 ASTM designation, title, number and year of issue,
3.1.12 penalty run, n—a penalty run is performed with 5.1.2 Quantity (number of gasketed mechanical couplings),
penalty run specimens when the original test specimen leaks or 5.1.3 Size and appropriate suffix (examples: 8 in. NPS, 76.1
separates during testing as a result of any cause which is not mm OD),
related to the design of the GMC being qualified. 5.1.4 Type (I, II),
F1476 − 07 (2019)
FIG. 4 Type II—Class 3 Typical Construction
5.1.5 Grade (consult GMC manufacturer), 6.1.1.5 Iron-chromium-nickel, corrosion resistant material:
5.1.6 Class (joint characteristic),
Housings shall be constructed of iron-chromium-nickel alloy in
5.1.7 Housing material and finish,
accordance with Specification A743/A743M, Grade CF-8 or
5.1.8 Gasket material,
Grade CF-8M.
5.1.9 Bolt (stud) and nut material and finish,
6.1.1.6 Finish for iron-chromium-nickel shall be bare or
5.1.10 Supplementary requirements, if any,
otherwise agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.
5.1.11 Other requirements agreed to between purchaser and
6.1.2 Grooved Mechanical Coupling—Gaskets shall be of
GMC manufacturer.
materials suitable for the intended service. Elastomers shall
5.2 Optional Ordering Requirements:
comply with Classification System D2000.
5.2.1 Certification requirements,
6.1.3 Grooved Mechanical Coupling—Bolting:
5.2.2 Special marking requirements.
6.1.3.1 Carbon Steel Material—Bolts shall be in accordance
with Specification A183, Grade 2, Oval Neck. Nuts shall be in
6. Materials and Manufacture
accordance with Specification A194/A194M, Grade 2. Finish
6.1 Type I—Grooved Mechanical Coupling:
shall be black or at the purchaser’s option, zinc electroplated to
6.1.1 Grooved Mechanical Coupling Housings:
Specification B633.
6.1.1.1 Ferrous Materials—Housings shall be constructed
6.1.3.2 Corrosion Resistant Material—Bolts shall be in
of ductile iron in accordance with Specification A395/A395M,
accordance with Specification A193/A193M, Grade B8, Class
Grade 60–40–18 or 65–45–15, Specification A536, Grade
2 (AISI Type 304) or Specification A193/A193M, Grade B8M,
65-45-12 or malleable iron in accordance with Specification
Class 2 (AISI Type 316). Nuts shall be in accordance with
A47/A47M, Grade 32510 or 35018.
Specification A194/A194M, Grade 8.
6.1.1.2 Grooved mechanical coupling housings shall be
coated with the manufacturer’s standard preparation
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