ASTM E1640-04

Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to locate the glass transition region and assign a glass transition temperature of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials.
Dynamic mechanical analyzers monitor changes in the viscoelastic properties of a material as a function of temperature and frequency, providing a means to quantify these changes. In ideal cases, the temperature of the onset of the decrease in storage modulus marks the glass transition.
A glass transition temperature ( Tg ) is useful in characterizing many important physical attributes of thermoplastic, thermosets (see SRM 18R-94), and semi-crystalline materials including their thermal history, processing conditions, physical stability, progress of chemical reactions, degree of cure, and both mechanical and electrical behavior. T g may be determined by a variety of techniques and may vary in accordance with the technique.
This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg) of materials using dynamic mechanical analyzers.
1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region.
1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about -150°C.
1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa.
1.5 Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis and data reduction systems or treatments equivalent to this test method may also be used.
Note 1—The user bears the responsibility for determining the precision, accuracy, and validity of the techniques and measurements made using dynamic mechanical analyzers in accordance with this standard.
1.6 SI units are the standard.
1.7 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that standard uses the peak temprature of the mechanical loss peak as the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the extrapolated onset temperature of the loss modulus change.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2004
• ICS: 81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1640-99 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM E1640-09 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F3131-14(2023) - Standard Specification for Epoxy / Cotton Raw Materials for the Use in Bearing Cages
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E1867-22 - Standard Test Methods for Temperature Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F942-18(2023)e1 - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E2602-22 - Standard Test Methods for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7028-07(2015) - Standard Test Method for Glass Transition Temperature (DMA Tg) of Polymer Matrix Composites by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E3301-22 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers Using Thermal Lag
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1640–04
Standard Test Method for
Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By
1
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass
E1142 TerminologyRelatingtoThermophysicalProperties
transition temperature (Tg) of materials using dynamic me-
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Ther-
chanical analyzers.
momechanical Analyzers
1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic poly-
E1545 Test Method for the Determination of Glass Transi-
mers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials
tion Temperatures by Thermomechanical Analysis
which are thermally stable in the glass transition region.
E1867 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Dy-
1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test
namic Mechanical Analyzers
method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in
E2254 Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of
order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
should be about−150°C.
2.2 Other Standards:
1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an
SRM 18R-94 Recommended Method for Glass Transition
elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa.
Temperature (Tg) Determination by DMA of Oriented
1.5 Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis
3
Fiber-Resin Composites
and data reduction systems or treatments equivalent to this test
IEC 61006 Methods of Test for the Determiantion of the
method may also be used.
Glass Transition Temperatue of Electrical Insulating Ma-
4
NOTE 1—The user bears the responsibility for determining the preci-
terials
sion, accuracy, and validity of the techniques and measurements made
using dynamic mechanical analyzers in accordance with this standard.
3. Terminology
1.6 SI units are the standard.
3.1 Definition:
1.7 This standard is similar to IEC61006 except that
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this document are
standard uses the peak temprature of the mechanical loss peak
defined in Terminology D4092 and E1142.
as the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the
3.1.2 dynamic mechanical analyzer—any of various com-
extrapolated onset temperature of the loss modulus change.
mercial or experimental devices used to study the viscoelastic
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
response of a specimen under a forced or free resonant
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
oscillatory load. The force may be applied in torsion, flexure,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or a combination of tension and compression.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Aspecimen of known geometry is placed in mechanical
2. Referenced Documents
oscillation at either fixed or resonant frequency and changes in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the viscoelastic response of the material are monitored as a
D4092 Terminology Relating to Dynamic Mechanical
function of temperature. Under ideal conditions, the glass
Measurements in Plastics
transition region is marked by a rapid decrease in the storage
modulus and a rapid increase in the loss modulus. The glass
transition of the test specimen is indicated by the extrapolated
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
onset of the decrease in storage modulus which marks the
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties. transition from a glassy to a rubbery solid.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E 1640–99
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Cuppliers of Advanced Composite Materials Association,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Arlington, VA.
4
the ASTM website. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), NewYork, NY.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1640–04
5. Significance and Use 7.2.1 Clamps,aclampingarrangemen
...